Identification and quantification of particulate tracers of exhaust and non-exhaust vehicle emissions
Identification and quantification of particulate tracers of exhaust and non-exhaust vehicle emissions
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-19-5187-2019
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发表时间：
2019-04-17
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Charron, Aurelie;Polo-Rehn, Lucie;Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc
为了识别和量化与非废气排放和废气车辆排放相关的关键物种，由于同时进行的近道路和城市背景测量，加上详细的交通计数和底盘测功机测量的废气排放量的一些在用车辆在法国车队中得到了大量的颗粒物种类的综合数据集。元素碳，刹车磨损金属（铜，铁，锑，锡，锰），正构烷烃（C19-C26），轻分子量多环芳烃（多环芳烃，芘，荧蒽，蒽）和两个藿烷（17 α 21 β降藿烷和17 α 21 β藿烷）与道路交通密切相关。已确定所有这些国家的船队排放系数，并与最近公布的同等数据相一致。在可能的情况下，轻型和重型交通排放因子也被确定在没有显着的非燃烧排放，轻型交通排放量与底盘测功机测量的排放量吻合良好。由于最近在欧洲的测量，包括从这项研究是一致的，涉及铜（铜/铁和铜/锡）的比率可以用作制动器磨损排放示踪剂，只要与铜制动器仍然在使用中。在格勒诺布尔环城公路附近，2011年柴油车辆占交通量的70%，交通排放的OC/EC比率估计约为0.4。虽然使用定量数据的源解析研究是不简单的有机分子标记，它们的存在似乎很好地表征新鲜的交通排放。
In order to identify and quantify key species associated with non-exhaust emissions and exhaust vehicular emissions, a large comprehensive dataset of particulate species has been obtained thanks to simultaneous near-road and urban background measurements coupled with detailed traffic counts and chassis dynamometer measurements of exhaust emissions of a few in-use vehicles well-represented in the French fleet. Elemental carbon, brake-wear metals (Cu, Fe, Sb, Sn, Mn), n-alkanes (C19-C26), light-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; pyrene, fluoranthene, anthracene) and two hopanes (17 alpha 21 beta norhopane and 17 alpha 21 beta hopane) are strongly associated with the road traffic. Traffic-fleet emission factors have been determined for all of them and are consistent with most recent published equivalent data. When possible, light-duty- and heavy-duty-traffic emission factors are also determined In the absence of significant non-combustion emissions, light-duty-traffic emissions are in good agreement with emissions from chassis dynamometer measurements. Since recent measurements in Europe including those from this study are consistent, ratios involving copper (Cu/Fe and Cu/Sn) could be used as brake-wear emissions tracers as long as brakes with Cu remain in use. Near the Grenoble ring road, where the traffic was largely dominated by diesel vehicles in 2011 (70 %), the OC/EC ratio estimated for traffic emissions was around 0.4. Although the use of quantitative data for source apportionment studies is not straightforward for the identified organic molecular markers, their presence seems to well-characterize fresh traffic emissions.