Cross-syndrome comparison of real-world executive functioning and problem solving using a new problem-solving questionnaire
Cross-syndrome comparison of real-world executive functioning and problem solving using a new problem-solving questionnaire
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ridd.2016.07.006
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Farran, Emily K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camp, Joanne S.;Karmiloff-Smith, Annette;Farran, Emily K.
背景资料：患有神经发育障碍（如威廉姆斯综合征和唐氏综合征）的个体在实验任务中表现出执行功能障碍（Lan-franchi，Jerman，Dal蓬特，Alberti，& Vianello，2010; Menghini，Addona，Costanzo，& Vicari，2010），但迄今为止尚未探索他们在日常生活中使用执行功能解决问题的方式。本研究的目的是了解日常执行功能和问题解决的交叉综合征特征。方法：年龄相近的威廉姆斯综合征（n = 47）或唐氏综合征（n = 31）患者的父母/照顾者（m = 17岁4个月和18岁）以及一组年龄较小的典型发育儿童的情况（n = 34; m = 8岁3个月）完成两份问卷：执行功能行为评定量表（Brief; Gioia，Isquith，Guy，& Kenworthy，2000）和一个新的问题解决问卷。两个综合征组在解决问题的情况下得出解决方案的可能性都低于典型组，而威廉姆斯综合征组比唐氏综合征组更低。符合BRIEF临床显著性标准的组成员比例在威廉姆斯综合征组中也最高。虽然改变反应，避免失去注意力和保持毅力对所有组解决问题的成功都很重要，但寻求帮助和避免情绪化对唐氏综合征和威廉姆斯综合征组也很重要。保持财产秩序是一个相对的力量之间的简短的规模为唐氏综合征group.Conclusion：结果表明，唐氏综合征的个人往往会使用补偿策略解决问题（寻求帮助，并可能，保持项目有序），而个人与威廉姆斯综合征，情绪反应破坏他们的解决问题的技能。本文强调了识别综合征特异性解决问题的优势和困难，以提高日常生活中的有效运作的重要性。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Background: Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders like Williams syndrome and Down syndrome exhibit executive function impairments on experimental tasks (Lan-franchi, Jerman, Dal Pont, Alberti, & Vianello, 2010; Menghini, Addona, Costanzo, & Vicari, 2010), but the way that they use executive functioning for problem solving in everyday life has not hitherto been explored. The study aim is to understand cross-syndrome characteristics of everyday executive functioning and problem solving.Methods: Parents/carers of individuals with Williams syndrome (n = 47) or Down syndrome (n = 31) of a similar chronological age (m = 17 years 4 months and 18 years respectively) as well as those of a group of younger typically developing children (n = 34; m = 8 years 3 months) completed two questionnaires: the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF; Gioia, Isquith, Guy, & Kenworthy, 2000) and a novel Problem-Solving Questionnaire.Results: The rated likelihood of reaching a solution in a problem solving situation was lower for both syndromic groups than the typical group, and lower still for the Williams syndrome group than the Down syndrome group. The proportion of group members meeting the criterion for clinical significance on the BRIEF was also highest for the Williams syndrome group. While changing response, avoiding losing focus and maintaining perseverance were important for problem-solving success in all groups, asking for help and avoiding becoming emotional were also important for the Down syndrome and Williams syndrome groups respectively. Keeping possessions in order was a relative strength amongst BRIEF scales for the Down syndrome group.Conclusion: Results suggest that individuals with Down syndrome tend to use compensatory strategies for problem solving (asking for help and potentially, keeping items well ordered), while for individuals with Williams syndrome, emotional reactions disrupt their problem-solving skills. This paper highlights the importance of identifying syndrome specific problem-solving strengths and difficulties to improve effective functioning in everyday life. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.