Nasal variation in relation to high-altitude adaptations among Tibetans and Andeans
Nasal variation in relation to high-altitude adaptations among Tibetans and Andeans
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DOI：
10.1002/ajhb.23104
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Klocke, Ross P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butaric, Lauren N.;Klocke, Ross P.
目的高海拔地区（>2500 m）人群面临着缺氧和寒冷干燥的空气等多种压力，导致对呼吸的需求增加，以获得更多的氧气和调节吸入的空气。虽然对高海拔缺氧的心血管和肺适应已经进行了广泛的研究，但上呼吸道结构的适应，例如，鼻腔，还没测试过本研究探讨鼻形态是否呈现低氧适应MethodsCT扫描的两个高海拔和四个低海拔样品从不同的气候收集（n=130）：高海拔藏族和秘鲁人;低海拔秘鲁人，中国南方（温带），蒙古布里亚特（冷干），和东南亚人（湿热）。面部和鼻部的距离是根据放置在数字建模颅骨上的3D标志计算的。温度，降水量和气压的数据也gathered.ResultsPrincipal成分分析和方差分析主要表明大小相关的差异之间的冷干（蒙古布里亚特人）和热湿（东南亚人）适应组。两区组偏最小二乘（PLS）分析显示，弱关系的大小标准化的鼻尺寸和环境变量。然而，在PLS 1（85.90%的协方差），藏族人显示相对较大的鼻腔相关的较低的温度和气压;回归分析还表明，高海拔藏族人具有相对较大的内部鼻宽和高度为他们的面部size.ConclusionsOverall，鼻的差异与气候之间的寒冷干燥和湿热组。具体的鼻适应没有确定秘鲁组，也许是由于他们相对较近的迁移历史和人口结构。然而，高海拔地区的藏族人似乎在鼻形态上表现出妥协，有助于增加摄氧量和空气调节过程。
ObjectivesHigh-altitude (>2500 m) populations face several pressures, including hypoxia and cold-dry air, resulting in greater respiratory demand to obtain more oxygen and condition inspired air. While cardiovascular and pulmonary adaptations to high-altitude hypoxia have been extensively studied, adaptations of upper-respiratory structures, e.g., nasal cavity, remain untested. This study investigates whether nasal morphology presents adaptations to hypoxic (larger noses) and/or cold-dry (tall/narrow noses) conditions among high-altitude samples.MethodsCT scans of two high- and four low-altitude samples from diverse climates were collected (n=130): high-altitude Tibetans and Peruvians; low-altitude Peruvians, Southern Chinese (temperate), Mongolian-Buriats (cold-dry), and Southeast Asians (hot-wet). Facial and nasal distances were calculated from 3D landmarks placed on digitally-modeled crania. Temperature, precipitation, and barometric pressure data were also obtained.ResultsPrincipal components analysis and analyses of variance primarily indicate size-related differences among the cold-dry (Mongolian-Buriats) and hot-wet (Southeast Asians) adapted groups. Two-block partial least squares (PLS) analysis show weak relationships between size-standardized nasal dimensions and environmental variables. However, among PLS1 (85.90% of covariance), Tibetans display relatively larger nasal cavities related to lower temperatures and barometric pressure; regression analyses also indicate high-altitude Tibetans possess relatively larger internal nasal breadths and heights for their facial size.ConclusionsOverall, nasal differences relate to climate among the cold-dry and hot-wet groups. Specific nasal adaptations were not identified among either Peruvian group, perhaps due to their relatively recent migration history and population structure. However, high-altitude Tibetans seem to exhibit a compromise in nasal morphology, serving in increased oxygen uptake, and air-conditioning processes.