Disrupting Savagism
Disrupting Savagism
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破坏野蛮主义
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发表时间：
2001
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通讯作者：
Arturo J. Aldama
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作者：
Arturo J. Aldama
美国的殖民话语不仅倾向于将美洲原住民，而且还倾向于将墨西哥移民、墨西哥的土著人民和墨西哥裔美国人视为犯罪、病态化和野蛮。虽然过去几十年的后殖民研究集中在这些种族是如何被其他人构建的，但《破坏性野蛮主义》揭示了每个群体如何反过来积极地试图为自己创造一个社会和文本空间，在这个空间中，某些负面的流行话语被中和并变得无效。
Arturo J. Aldama首先介绍了“野蛮人”一词的谱系，特别关注美国民族学家刘易斯亨利摩根的工作以及16世纪胡安·吉内斯·德·塞普尔韦达和巴托洛梅·德·拉斯·卡萨斯之间的争论。然后，阿尔达马转向更现代的叙事，研究民族志，小说，自传和电影，以阐明几个世纪以来有助于身份形成的历史意识形态和种族观点。这些作品包括人类学家曼努埃尔·加米奥的《墨西哥移民：他的生活故事》、莱斯利·马蒙·西尔科的《仪式》、格洛丽亚·安萨尔杜阿的《边疆/拉弗龙特拉》和米格尔·阿尔特塔的电影《星星地图》。通过使用这些不同的体裁来调查种族化，底层，女权主义和散居身份的复杂政治，Aldama揭示了混合和mestiza/o文化产品的独特认识逻辑。
破坏野蛮主义的跨文化视角将引起美国女权主义后殖民过程的学者以及拉丁美洲，美洲土著和文学研究的学生的兴趣。
Colonial discourse in the United States has tended to criminalize, pathologize, and depict as savage not only Native Americans but Mexican immigrants, indigenous peoples in Mexico, and Chicanas/os as well. While postcolonial studies of the past few decades have focused on how these ethnicities have been constructed by others, Disrupting Savagism reveals how each group, in turn, has actively attempted to create for itself a social and textual space in which certain negative prevailing discourses are neutralized and rendered ineffective.
Arturo J. Aldama begins by presenting a genealogy of the term “savage,” looking in particular at the work of American ethnologist Lewis Henry Morgan and a sixteenth-century debate between Juan Gines de Sepulveda and Bartolome de las Casas. Aldama then turns to more contemporary narratives, examining ethnography, fiction, autobiography, and film to illuminate the historical ideologies and ethnic perspectives that contributed to identity formation over the centuries. These works include anthropologist Manuel Gamio’s The Mexican Immigrant: His Life Story, Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony, Gloria Anzaldua’s Borderlands/La Frontera, and Miguel Arteta’s film Star Maps. By using these varied genres to investigate the complex politics of racialized, subaltern, feminist, and diasporic identities, Aldama reveals the unique epistemic logic of hybrid and mestiza/o cultural productions.
The transcultural perspective of Disrupting Savagism will interest scholars of feminist postcolonial processes in the United States, as well as students of Latin American, Native American, and literary studies.