Variation in the behaviour of an obligate corallivore is influenced by resource availability
Variation in the behaviour of an obligate corallivore is influenced by resource availability
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-022-03132-6
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发表时间：
2022-02-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Keith, Sally A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gunn, Rachel L.;Hartley, Ian R.;Keith, Sally A.
海洋环境受到越来越多的干扰事件的影响，珊瑚礁生态系统尤其脆弱。在环境变化期间，生物体最初通过快速的行为改变做出反应。虽然平均人口水平对行为的改变有据可查，但这些变化在个体之间有何不同，以及所引起的相对权衡，尚不清楚。我们测试了在资源可用性不同的个体之间和个体内部投入不同行为的频率和时间是否存在差异。为此，我们使用专性珊瑚食蝴蝶鱼物种（Chaetodon lunulatus）量化了两个不同资源可用性地点的四个关键行为类别（攻击性、探索性、进食性和社交性）的差异。资源匮乏地区的个体拥有更大的领地，投入更多的时间进行探索，但代价是在攻击性、进食和社交方面投入的时间更少。重复性测量表明，地点之间的行为差异可能是由个体行为的可塑性和进食区域内的栖息地斑块性造成的。通过结合种群水平的手段、不同行为的互相关性和个体水平的分析，我们揭示了由于资源可用性差异而导致的 C. lunulatus 行为变化背后的潜在机制。意义陈述 通过观察方法，我们确定了专性食珊瑚蝴蝶鱼（Chaetodon lunulatus）在高资源点和低资源点之间的行为差异。我们在比较分析中结合使用密度调查、领土测绘和行为观察方法，将行为与其发生的环境直接联系起来。结合博弈论和最佳觅食的见解，我们还利用我们的结果来强调理解不同行为的相关性如何帮助我们理解行为的可塑性或固定性程度。此外，通过考虑多种行为如何相关，我们不再孤立地探索个体行为，而是深入了解个体之间和群体层面的行为差异如何影响对资源可用性下降的反应。
Marine environments are subject to increasing disturbance events, and coral reef ecosystems are particularly vulnerable. During periods of environmental change, organisms respond initially through rapid behavioural modifications. Whilst mean population level modifications to behaviour are well documented, how these shifts vary between individuals, and the relative trade-offs that are induced, are unknown. We test whether the frequency and time invested in different behaviours varies both between and within individuals with varying resource availability. To do this, we quantify differences in four key behavioural categories (aggression, exploration, feeding and sociability) at two sites of different resource availability, using an obligate corallivore butterflyfish species (Chaetodon lunulatus). Individuals on a low resource site held larger territories, investing more time in exploration, which was traded off with less time invested on aggression, feeding and sociability. Repeatability measures indicated that behavioural differences between sites could plausibly be driven by both plasticity of behaviour within individuals and habitat patchiness within feeding territories. By combining population-level means, co-correlation of different behaviours and individual-level analyses, we reveal potential mechanisms behind behavioural variation in C. lunulatus due to differences in resource availability. Significance statement Using observational methods, we identify differences in the behaviour of an obligate corallivorous butterflyfish (Chaetodon lunulatus) between a high and a low resource site. We use a combination of density surveys, territory mapping and behavioural observation methods in a comparative analysis to relate behaviour directly to the environment in which it occurs. Bringing together insights from game theory and optimal foraging, we also use our results to highlight how understanding the correlations of different behaviours can inform our understanding of the extent to which behaviours are plastic or fixed. Furthermore, by considering how multiple behaviours are correlated, we move away from exploring individual behaviours in isolation and provide an in-depth insight into how differences in behaviour both between individuals and at the population level can affect responses to declining resource availability.