Reducing Latency in Virtual Machines: Enabling Tactile Internet for Human-Machine Co-Working
Reducing Latency in Virtual Machines: Enabling Tactile Internet for Human-Machine Co-Working
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DOI：
10.1109/jsac.2019.2906788
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
16.4
通讯作者：
Fitzek, Frank H. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xiang, Zuo;Gabriel, Frank;Fitzek, Frank H. P.
多路访问边缘计算（MEC）云系统中处理的软件定义网络（SDN）和网络功能虚拟化（NFV）已被提议作为实现触觉互联网低延迟要求的关键范例。虽然虚拟网络功能 (VNF) 与基于硬件的解决方案相比具有更大的灵活性，但 VNF 抽象也引入了额外的数据包处理延迟。在本文中，我们研究了 NFV 在触觉互联网延迟要求方面的实际可行性。我们开发、实施和评估基于链的低延迟 VNF 实施 (CALVIN)，这是一种用于分布式服务功能链 (SFC) 的低延迟管理框架。 CALVIN将VNF分为初级、基本和高级VNF；此外，CALVIN在内核空间中实现初级和基本VNF，而高级VNF在用户空间中实现。自始至终，CALVIN 采用分布式映射，MEC 系统中每个虚拟机 (VM) 一个 VNF。此外，CALVIN避免了传统Linux网络堆栈中的元数据结构处理和数据包的批处理，从而实现了较短的每数据包延迟。我们对现成的传统网络和计算硬件进行的严格测量表明，CALVIN 从 MEC 入口点通过两个基本转发 VNF（一个在内核空间，一个在用户空间）和一个 MEC 服务器到 MEC 出口点的往返时间约为 0.32 毫秒。我们的测量还表明，MEC 网络编码和加密对于 MEC 延迟预算为 0.35 毫秒的小型 256 字节数据包是可行的；而1400字节的大数据包可以在0.35ms内完成网络编码，但不能完成加密。
Software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) processed in multi-access edge computing (MEC) cloud systems have been proposed as critical paradigms for achieving the low latency requirements of the tactile Internet. While virtual network functions (VNFs) allow greater flexibility compared to hardware-based solutions, the VNF abstraction also introduces additional packet processing delays. In this paper, we investigate the practical feasibility of NFV with respect to the tactile Internet latency requirements. We develop, implement, and evaluate Chain-based Low latency VNF ImplemeNtation (CALVIN), a low-latency management framework for distributed Service Function Chains (SFCs). CALVIN classifies VNFs into elementary, basic, and advanced VNFs; moreover, CALVIN implements elementary and basic VNFs in the kernel space, while the advanced VNFs are implemented in the user space. Throughout, CALVIN employs a distributed mapping with one VNF per Virtual Machine (VM) in a MEC system. Furthermore, CALVIN avoids the metadata structure processing and batch processing of packets in the conventional Linux networking stack so as to achieve short per-packet latencies. Our rigorous measurements on off-the-shelf conventional networking and computing hardware demonstrate that CALVIN achieves round-trip times from a MEC ingress point via two elementary forwarding VNFs (one in kernel space and one in user space) and a MEC server to a MEC egress point on the order of 0.32 ms. Our measurements also indicate that MEC network coding and encryption are feasible for small 256 byte packets with an MEC latency budget of 0.35 ms; whereas, large 1400 byte packets can complete the network coding, but not the encryption within the 0.35 ms.