WAS THERE AN ARISTOCRATIC REACTION IN PRE–REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE ?
WAS THERE AN ARISTOCRATIC REACTION IN PRE–REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE ?
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大革命前的法国有贵族反应吗？
DOI：
10.1093/past/57.1.97
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发表时间：
1972
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Doyle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Doyle
近年来，关于法国大革命及其起源的研究一直处于争论的漩涡之中，似乎没有任何方面能逃脱重新开始的批判性的抨击。然而，这种印象具有欺骗性。革命的历史继续参照许多里程碑绘制，这些里程碑似乎是如此确定，以至于历史学家认为它们是理所当然的。其中一个里程碑是旧政权最后几年的“贵族反应”。重点不同，一些历史学家在更广泛的意义上使用这个概念。但它在大多数标准著作中都占有一席之地，“专着作者也同样感到有必要考虑到它。政治反应。这是贵族的运动，始于1715年，在1787- 1788年的”贵族起义”中达到高潮，以恢复在路易十四统治下失去的政治权力。这场运动的主要载体是高等法院，它成为世纪所有贵族自命不凡的先锋。2 2.意识形态的反应。[3]圣西蒙、费内隆、布兰维利耶和孟德斯鸠等作家的著作以及高等法院的抗议书就是例证，所有这些都是贵族控制国家的宣言。
AMID THE TURMOIL OF DEBATE WHICH HAS CHARACTERIZED THE STUDY of the French Revolution and its origins in recent years, it migh seem that no aspect could escape renewed and critical scutiny. Yet this impression is deceptive. The history of the Revolution continues to be charted with reference to many landmarks seemingly so well-established that historians take them for granted. One such landmark is the" aristocratic reaction" of the last years of the old regime. Emphases differ, and some historians use the idea in a far broader sense than others. But it finds its place in most of the standard works,'and writers of monographs feel equally obliged to take account of it. Most descriptions of the aristocratic reaction comprise one or more of four elements: I. Political reaction. This was the campaign of the nobility, beginning in 1715 and culminating in the" noble revolt" of 1787-8, to recover the political power it had lost under Louis XIV. The main vehicles of the movement were the parlements, which became the spearhead of all noble pretentions over the century. 2 2. Ideological reaction. 3 This was exemplified by the works of such writers as Saint-Simon, Fenelon, Boulainvilliers and Montes-quieu; and the remonstrances of the parlements, all of which were manifestoes for noble control of the state.