DNA TYPING FROM SINGLE HAIRS
DNA TYPING FROM SINGLE HAIRS
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DOI：
10.1038/332543a0
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发表时间：
1988-04-07
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
ERLICH, HA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HIGUCHI, R;VONBEROLDINGEN, CH;ERLICH, HA
在DNA水平上对遗传变异的表征已经在基因和疾病定位1以及个体的法医鉴定2 -6方面产生了重大进展。最常见的DNA分析方法，即限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP），需要微克数量的相对未降解的DNA用于多位点分型，数百纳克用于单位点比较7。这种DNA通常不能从法医样本中获得，例如单根头发和血迹，或者从现场收集的人类学，遗传学或动物学样本中获得。为了从单个人头发中检测多态性DNA序列，我们使用了聚合酶链反应（PCR），在该反应中，基因的特定短区域可以在体外从小至单个DNA分子中大量扩增8 - 10 10。我们已经检测到遗传变异的线粒体和核DNA序列从根区域的棚，以及新鲜采摘，单根头发;线粒体DNA（mtDNA）序列已被检测到从一个单一的毛干样品。我们对这些样本使用了三种不同的DNA分型方法：扩增DNA片段长度差异的测定、等位基因特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交和直接DNA测序。
The characterization of genetic variation at the DNA level has generated significant advances in gene and disease mapping1, and in the forensic identification of individuals2–6. The most common method of DNA analysis, that of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), requires microgram amounts of relatively undegraded DNA for multi-locus typing, and hundreds of nanograms for single-locus comparisons7. Such DNA frequently cannot be obtained from forensic samples such as single hairs and blood stains, or from anthropological, genetic or zoological samples collected in the field. To detect polymorphic DNA sequences from single human hairs, we have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in which specific short regions of a gene can be greatly amplifiedin vitro8–10from as little as a single molecule of DNA10. We have detected genetically variable mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences from the root region of shed, as well as freshly-plucked, single hairs; mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences have been detected in a sample from a single hair shaft. We have used three different means of DNA typing on these samples: the determination of amplified DNA fragment length differences, hybridization with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes, and direct DNA sequencing.