Key winter habitat of the ivory gull Pagophila eburnea in the Canadian Arctic
Key winter habitat of the ivory gull Pagophila eburnea in the Canadian Arctic
复制标题
加拿大北极地区象牙鸥 Pagophila eburnea 的主要冬季栖息地
DOI：
10.3354/esr00747
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
M. Mallory
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nora C. Spencer;H. Gilchrist;H. Strøm;K. Allard;M. Mallory
象牙鸥Pagophila eburnea是一种罕见的北极海鸟，在偏远地区繁殖;对其冬季分布和行为知之甚少。根据加拿大法律，它被列为“濒危”，并被国际自然保护联盟列为“近威胁”。在过去的30年里，加拿大的人口减少了70%以上，这促使人们对象牙鸥进行研究，以更好地了解它们的全年活动和栖息地要求。此外，确定关键栖息地是加拿大象牙鸥恢复战略的一个研究重点。我们使用了来自加拿大北极和挪威斯瓦尔巴特群岛的卫星遥测跟踪的海鸥数据，以及1969年至2010年收集的船舶观测数据。我们确定，这些海鸥在冬季使用最多的区域是戴维斯海峡，它们90%的时间都花在海冰上。协议的数据集之间的调查结果，通过时间和不同的繁殖区域表明，在戴维斯海峡的浮冰边缘是一个年度的，关键的栖息地象牙鸥在冬季。考虑到核心越冬区与已知的冠海豹Crystophora cristata幼仔区的接近程度，我们推测海豹繁殖的遗骸，以及北极熊杀死的北极熊和在浮冰附近接近的嗜冰鱼类，为象牙鸥提供了空间和时间上可预测的宝贵食物资源。
The ivory gull Pagophila eburnea is a rare Arctic seabird that breeds in remote loca- tions; little is known of its winter distribution and behaviour. It is listed under Canadian legislation as 'endangered', and as 'near threatened' by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. A >70% population decline in the past 3 decades in Canada prompted research on ivory gulls to better understand their year-round movements and habitat requirements. Additionally, the identification of critical habitat is a research priority in the Recovery Strategy for the ivory gull in Canada. We used data from gulls tracked by satellite telemetry from the Canadian Arctic and Svalbard, Norway, as well as data from ship observations collected between 1969 and 2010. We determined that the area of highest use by these gulls in the winter was in Davis Strait, where 90% of their time was spent over sea ice. Agreement of findings among datasets through time and from different breeding regions suggests that the edge of the pack ice in Davis Strait is an annual, key habitat for ivory gulls in winter. Given the proximity of the core wintering area to known hooded seal Crystophora cristata whelping patches, we speculate that remains from seal breed- ing, as well as polar bear Ursus maritimus kills and pagophilic (ice-loving) fish accessed in the vicinity of pack ice have provided spatially and temporally predictable, and valuable, food resources for ivory gulls in the winter.