Stress drives deliberative tendencies by influencing vicarious trial and error in decision making
Stress drives deliberative tendencies by influencing vicarious trial and error in decision making
复制标题
压力通过影响决策中的替代尝试和错误来驱动深思熟虑的倾向
DOI：
10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107276
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Kita I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amemiya S;Ishida M;Kubota N;Nishijima T;Kita I
以前的研究已经报道了压力对决策的影响。然而，广泛的研究结果使得很难确定压力对决策的根本影响，因此，压力如何影响决策仍然是未知的。为了研究压力对决策的影响，我们采用了“替代性试错”（VTE），这是指大鼠在决策点将头部朝向选项的行为。VTE被认为反映了决策前对可能选项的心理模拟。我们在T-迷宫选择任务中研究了急性束缚应激对VTE的影响。职业教育取决于学习和过去的奖励结果。在大鼠进行T-迷宫选择任务之前的急性束缚应激诱导了VTE，特别是在VTE需求低的试验中，并且增加了在每个VTE期间的头部定向次数和花费的时间。另一方面，压力并不影响任务绩效（有利选择的概率）和行为选择模式（赢-留-输-转移，探索-剥削）。此外，压力激活中缝背核和蓝斑的肾上腺素能和去甲肾上腺素能神经元，它们是冲动和注意力控制决策的调节器。这些结果表明，决策过程中的压力驱动了VTE过程，这可能导致深入考虑，过度思考和犹豫不决。
Previous studies have reported the effects of stress on decision making. However, the wide range of findings make it difficult to identify the fundamental effects of stress on decision making and, therefore, how stress affects decision making remains unknown. To investigate the influence of stress on decision making, we employed “vicarious trial and error” (VTE), which refers to a rat’s behavior of orienting the head toward options at a decision point. VTE is thought to reflect mental simulation for possible options preceding a decision. We examined effects of acute restraint stress on VTE in a T-maze choice task. VTE depended on learning and past reward outcomes. Acute restraint stress before rats ran the T-maze choice task induced VTE, especially in trials with low demand of VTE, and increased the number of head orientations and time spent during each VTE. On the other hand, stress did not affect task performance (probability of advantageous choice) and patterns of behavioral choice (win-stay lose-shift, exploration–exploitation). In addition, stress activated serotonergic and noradrenergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus, which are modulators of impulsivity and attentional control in decision making. These results suggest that stress in decision making drives the VTE process, which may lead to deep consideration, over-thinking, and indecisiveness.