The gamma class of carbonic anhydrases.

The gamma class of carbonic anhydrases.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.08.026
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发表时间:
2010-02
期刊:
Biochimica et biophysica acta
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ferry JG
Ferry JG
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ferry JG

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γ类碳酸酐酶是五个独立进化的类之一,在所有三个生命领域的不同物种的基因组序列中都发现了同源物。来自古生界的原型(CaM)是一种同源三聚体,其晶体结构显示单体具有独特的左手平行β-螺旋折叠。来自相邻单体的组氨酸连接被氢键网络中的残基包围的三个活性中心金属,这是活性所必需的。CaM对铁的活性最强,铁是一种与生理相关的金属。尽管活性中心残基与其他类别几乎没有相似之处,但动力学分析表明,这是一个类似于所研究的所有碳酸酐酶的两步机制。对来自数据库的CaM同源物的系统发育分析表明,CaM是一个小亚类,绝大多数属于一个亚类(CAMH),其活性位点残基和明显的作用机制与CaM有显着差异。任何CaM和CAMH同系物的生理功能尚不清楚,尽管已经提出了在二氧化碳和碳酸氢盐跨膜运输中的作用。
Homologs of the γ class of carbonic anhydrases, one of five independently evolved classes, are found in the genomic sequences of diverse species from all three domains of life. The archetype (Cam) from the Archaea domain is a homotrimer of which the crystal structure reveals monomers with a distinctive left-handed parallel β-helix fold. Histidines from adjacent monomers ligate the three active site metals surrounded by residues in a hydrogen bond network essential for activity. Cam is most active with iron, the physiologically relevant metal. Although the active site residues bear little resemblance to the other classes, kinetic analyses indicate a two-step mechanism analogous to all carbonic anhydrases investigated. Phylogenetic analyses of Cam homologs derived from the databases show that Cam is representative of a minor subclass with the great majority belonging to a subclass (CamH) with significant differences in active site residues and apparent mechanism from Cam. A physiological function for any of the Cam and CamH homologs is unknown, although roles in transport of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate across membranes has been proposed.
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