1958 MALARIA EPIDEMIC IN ETHIOPIA
1958 MALARIA EPIDEMIC IN ETHIOPIA
复制标题
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.1961.10.795
复制
发表时间：
1961-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
NAJJAR, AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FONTAINE, RE;PRINCE, JS;NAJJAR, AE
1958年6月至12月间，在埃塞俄比亚高原的4个中部省份和其他5个省份的部分高原地区，观察到疟疾流行病，面积约为10万平方英里。流行病的海拔界限大约在海拔1600至2150米之间，在该地区，大多数居民的社区免疫力较低。据估计，这一流行病涉及的病例不少于300万例。死于疟疾的人数可能已超过15万。冈比亚按蚊是唯一的媒介。恶性疟原虫是主要的疟疾寄生虫。它是大多数病例的严重急性病和许多地区观察到的高死亡率的原因。1958年的粮食短缺，由于1957年某些地区的作物歉收，也间接导致了高死亡率。1958年流行病的主要诱因似乎是埃塞俄比亚高原地区异常的气候条件。降雨量超过了以往所有年份的记录，气温和相对湿度普遍异常高。
An epidemic of malaria, covering about 100,000 square miles in 4 central provinces in the highlands of Ethiopia and portions of the highlands of 5 other provinces, was observed in Ethiopia between June and December of 1958. The altitudinal limits of the epidemic ranged approximately between 1600 to 2150 m elevation, in which area the communal immunity of the habitants is low for the most part. The epidemic is estimated to involve not less than three million cases. Deaths from malaria may have exceeded 150,000. Anopheles gambiae was the only vector. Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant malaria parasite. It accounted for the severe acute illness which characterized most cases and the high mortality observed in many districts. Food shortages in 1958, due to 1957 crop failures in some areas, also indirectly contributed to high mortality. The main precipitating cause of the 1958 epidemic appears to have been unusual weather conditions in the highland areas of Ethiopia. Rainfall exceeded all previous years on record, and abnormally high atmospheric temperature and relative humidity prevailed.