Thermal effects in spintronic materials and devices: An experimentalist’s guide
Thermal effects in spintronic materials and devices: An experimentalist’s guide
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.170120
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
B. Zink
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Zink
自旋电子学的研究经常涉及纳米级磁系统中热的产生。这种热量的产生可以是有意的，比如在研究由外部施加的温差产生的效应时，也可以是无意的，比如在微小结构中驱动相对较大的电荷电流时。理解和控制这些热梯度会给实验学家带来挑战，这在某种程度上与热流比电荷流更难分离和操纵的事实有关。本文旨在提供一个简单、直观的框架来理解涉及热梯度的自旋电子材料和器件中出现的基本问题。第一个目标是提供简单的工具来演示热梯度是如何在大块基板上的薄导电膜系统中产生的。主要结果是，指向垂直于支撑在宏观衬底上的薄膜平面的热梯度是非常常见的，即使系统中最大的温度下降将存在于大块衬底本身。这些结果表明，需要了解可以产生电压信号和对热梯度的其他响应的热电和磁热电效应的范围。我将简要介绍这些特性以及相关的自旋效应。文章最后举例说明了热梯度在自旋电子学中起关键作用的几个重要问题。
Research in spintronics often involves generation of heat in nanoscale magnetic systems. This heat generation can be intentional, as when studying effects created by an external applied temperature difference, or unintentional, coming as a consequence of driving relatively large charge currents through tiny structures. Understanding and controlling these thermal gradients can present challenges to experimentalists, which are related at some level to the fact that heat flow is much more difficult to isolate and manipulate than charge flow. This paper aims to provide a simple, intuitive framework to understand the fundamental issues that arise in spintronic materials and devices involving thermal gradients. The first goal is to provide simple tools to demonstrate how thermal gradients arise in systems with thin conducting films on bulk substrates. The main results are that a thermal gradient pointing perpendicular to the plane of a thin film supported on a macroscopic substrate is very common, even while the largest temperature drop in the system will exist across the bulk substrate itself. These results point to the need to understand the range of thermoelectric and magnetothermoelectric effects that can generate voltage signals and other responses to thermal gradients. I provide a brief review of these, along with relevant spin effects. The review concludes with examples and comments on several important ongoing issues in spintronics where thermal gradients play key roles.