Age differences in reported recollective experience are due to encoding effects, not response bias.
Age differences in reported recollective experience are due to encoding effects, not response bias.
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报告的回忆经历中的年龄差异是由于编码效应，而不是反应偏差。
DOI：
10.1080/09658219508258964
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anderton-Brown,C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perfect,TJ;Williams,RB;Anderton-Brown,C
三个实验研究是否减少回忆的经验报告在老年是由于标准的转变，更谨慎的反应，由老年受试者。在实验1中，年轻和老年受试者进行了识别测试，没有具体的指示，他们应该如何编码的话。对于已识别的项目，受试者表示他们是否回忆起该项目以前的出现，或者他们是否只是知道它已经在列表中。然后，他们评估了自己对这个词来自研究列表的信心。虽然整体认知水平相当，老年人回忆较少，并报告更多的知道比年轻的主题的反应。然而，与标准变化解释相反，置信度没有总体差异。在实验2A中，特定的编码指令完全消除了与年龄相关的回忆体验变化。实验2B重现实验2A的测试条件，但没有特定的编码指令，并复制了实验1中发现的已知响应模式。因此，这三个实验一起表明，老年人所经历的回忆的数量是不能解释的谨慎，但由老年人在演示时进行的编码驱动。
Three experiments examined whether reduced recollective experience reported in old age is due to a criterion shift towards more cautious responses by older subjects. In Experiment 1 Young and Old subjects took a recognition test without specific instructions on how they should encode the presented words. For recognised items subjects indicated whether they recollected the item's previous occurrence or whether they just knew it had been on the list. They then rated their confidence that the word came from the study list. Although overall recognition levels were equivalent, older adults recollected less and reported more know responses than the younger subjects. However, there was no overall difference in confidence, contrary to a criterion shift explanation. In Experiment 2A specific encoding instructions removed the age-related change in recollective experience entirely. Experiment 2B reproduced the test conditions of Experiment 2A, but without specific encoding instructions, and replicated the pattern of know responding found in Experiment 1. Thus the three experiments together suggest that the amount of recollection experienced by the elderly is not explicable in terms of cautiousness, but is driven by the encoding carried out by the elderly at presentation.