Review of the role of the nervous system in glucose homoeostasis and future perspectives towards the management of diabetes.
Review of the role of the nervous system in glucose homoeostasis and future perspectives towards the management of diabetes.
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DOI：
10.1186/s42234-018-0009-4
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Georgiou, Pantelis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guemes, Amparo;Georgiou, Pantelis
糖尿病是一种由于葡萄糖代谢过程崩溃导致血糖异常波动而引起的疾病。传统上，控制涉及针对血糖升高而注射外部胰岛素，以替代胰腺中β细胞的作用，否则胰腺中的β细胞将在健康个体中执行此功能。然而，中枢神经系统（CNS）还通过控制胰腺分泌和胰岛素敏感性在葡萄糖稳态中发挥着至关重要的作用，这可能被用作增强葡萄糖控制的途径。在这篇综述中，我们概述了中枢神经系统调节葡萄糖代谢的大脑区域、周围神经和分子机制，以及调节它们对糖尿病管理的潜在益处。通过生物电子医学，神经系统接口技术的发展很快将成为现实，我们将展示治疗 1 型和 2 型糖尿病的新机遇。
Diabetes is a disease caused by a breakdown in the glucose metabolic process resulting in abnormal blood glucose fluctuations. Traditionally, control has involved external insulin injection in response to elevated blood glucose to substitute the role of the beta cells in the pancreas which would otherwise perform this function in a healthy individual. The central nervous system (CNS), however, also plays a vital role in glucose homoeostasis through the control of pancreatic secretion and insulin sensitivity which could potentially be used as a pathway for enhancing glucose control. In this review, we present an overview of the brain regions, peripheral nerves and molecular mechanisms by which the CNS regulates glucose metabolism and the potential benefits of modulating them for diabetes management. Development of technologies to interface to the nervous system will soon become a reality through bioelectronic medicine and we present the emerging opportunities for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.