Axonal selection and myelin sheath generation in the central nervous system
Axonal selection and myelin sheath generation in the central nervous system
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ceb.2013.04.007
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
Lyons, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simons, Mikael;Lyons, David A.
髓鞘在中枢神经系统中的形成是一个多步骤的过程，涉及协调的细胞相互作用和质膜结构的巨大变化。首先，少突胶质细胞发送我们的许多高度分歧的过程来采样轴突环境，并决定选择哪个轴突进行髓鞘形成。在做出这个决定并且已经建立了单个轴突与少突胶质细胞的接触之后，少突胶质细胞的探索过程被转换成平坦的鞘，该鞘沿着沿着和围绕其相关轴突伸展和缠绕以产生多层膜堆叠。通过膜的相对细胞外层的压实和几乎所有细胞质从鞘的细胞内结构域的挤出，形成髓鞘的特征性富膜多层结构。在这里，我们强调最近的进展，确定生物物理和信号基础的机制，参与轴突选择和髓鞘生成的少突胶质细胞。彻底了解这些事件的机制是设计新的髓鞘修复策略在脱髓鞘和髓鞘形成障碍疾病的先决条件。
The formation of myelin in the central nervous system is a multistep process that involves coordinated cell cell interactions and dramatic changes in plasma membrane architecture. First, oligodendrocytes send our numerous highly ramified processes to sample the axonal environment and decide which axon(s) to select for myelination. After this decision is made and individual axon to oligodendrocyte contact has been established, the exploratory process of the oligodendrocyte is converted into a flat sheath that spreads and winds along and around its associated axon to generate a multilayered membrane stack. By compaction of the opposing extracellular layers of membrane and extrusion of almost all cytoplasm from the intracellular domain of the sheath, the characteristic membrane-rich multi-lamellar structure of myelin is formed. Here we highlight recent advances in identifying biophysical and signalling based mechanisms that are involved in axonal selection and myelin sheath generation by oligodendrocytes. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying these events is a prerequisite for the design of novel myelin repair strategies in demyelinating and dysmyelinating diseases.