Circadian clocks and mood-related behaviors.
Circadian clocks and mood-related behaviors.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-25950-0_9
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Albrecht, Urs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Albrecht, Urs
生物钟几乎存在于生物体的所有组织中，包括大脑。大脑不仅是位于视交叉上核（SCN）的昼夜节律主协调器，而且还包含与视交叉上核无关的振荡器，这些振荡器调节各种功能，如进食和情绪相关行为。了解时钟如何接收和整合环境信息，进而在正常条件下控制生理是很重要的，因为昼夜节律的慢性紊乱会导致严重的健康问题。导致正常昼夜节律基因功能破坏的基因修饰与多种精神疾病有关，包括抑郁症、季节性情感障碍、饮食失调、酒精依赖和成瘾。时钟基因似乎在大脑边缘区域发挥重要作用，并影响药物成瘾的发展。此外，对中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病中生物钟基因多态性的分析表明，生物钟基因对脑功能有直接或间接的影响。在本章中，我将为情绪障碍的昼夜节律基础提供证据，然后讨论时钟基因在这种疾病中的作用。新陈代谢和情绪障碍之间的关系被强调，随后讨论了如何通过改变昼夜周期来治疗情绪障碍。
Circadian clocks are present in nearly all tissues of an organism, including the brain. The brain is not only the site of the master coordinator of circadian rhythms located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) but also contains SCN-independent oscillators that regulate various functions such as feeding and mood-related behavior. Understanding how clocks receive and integrate environmental information and in turn control physiology under normal conditions is of importance because chronic disturbance of circadian rhythmicity can lead to serious health problems. Genetic modifications leading to disruption of normal circadian gene functions have been linked to a variety of psychiatric conditions including depression, seasonal affective disorder, eating disorders, alcohol dependence, and addiction. It appears that clock genes play an important role in limbic regions of the brain and influence the development of drug addiction. Furthermore, analyses of clock gene polymorphisms in diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) suggest a direct or indirect influence of circadian clock genes on brain function. In this chapter, I will present evidence for a circadian basis of mood disorders and then discuss the involvement of clock genes in such disorders. The relationship between metabolism and mood disorders is highlighted followed by a discussion of how mood disorders may be treated by changing the circadian cycle.