Parasites, ghosts and mutualists: a relational geography of microbes for global health
Parasites, ghosts and mutualists: a relational geography of microbes for global health
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DOI：
10.1111/tran.12189
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lorimer, Jamie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lorimer, Jamie
对微生物组的科学研究提供了一个由无数形式的微生物生命组成的人类生态模型。这种人类微生物组的组成和动态越来越多地涉及健康的讨论。注意力集中在缺失的微生物及其与一系列炎症和自身免疫性疾病的联系上。病理性生态失调被认为是由微生物的过度存在和缺乏引起的。微生物的减少已被现代卫生和保健实践所索引，并且对有益微生物的治疗用途越来越感兴趣。这种对微生物有益潜力的重新评估挑战了健康地理学和全球健康领域普遍存在的负面关联。本文发展了健康地理学的关系和多物种方法，以研究微生物过剩，缺乏和控制再引入的情况。分析的重点是人类与钩虫的关系。钩虫是微生物组的动物成员。它们与人类共同进化，生活在我们体内，并被理解为管理人类微生物组以实现免疫耐受。钩虫的过度存在和不存在都可能是病理性的。目前，它们是并行但空间离散的方案的主题，以便在一个多样化的世界中除虫和除虫。针对这一看似空间悖论的现象，本文分析了三种类型的人与钩虫的关系：寄生虫、鬼魂和互惠主义者。结论反映了这种分析对全球健康的人类和非人类受试者以及抗生素和益生菌医疗保健的流行形式的微生物政治学的影响。
Scientific research on the microbiome offers an ecological model of the human, comprised of myriad forms of microbial life. The composition and dynamics of this human microbiome are increasingly implicated in discussions of health. Attention has focused on missing microbes and their links to a range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Pathological dysbiosis is understood to result from both the excessive presence and the absence of microbes. Microbial declines have been indexed to modern hygiene and healthcare practices and there is a growing interest in the therapeutic use of beneficial microbes. This reappraisal of the salutary potential of microbes challenges the negative associations prevalent in health geography and the field of global health. This paper develops relational and multispecies approaches to health geography to examine situations of microbial excess, absence and controlled reintroduction. The analysis focuses on human relations with hookworms. Hookworms are animal members of the microbiome. They co-evolved with humans, live in us and are understood to manage the human microbiome to enable immunological tolerance. Both the excessive presence and the absence of hookworms can be pathological. They are currently the subjects of concurrent, but spatially discrete, programmes to deworm and reworm a variegated world. Focusing on this seeming spatial paradox, the analysis examines three types of human-hookworm relation: the parasite, the ghost and the mutualist. The conclusion reflects on the implications of this analysis for the human and nonhuman subjects of global health and the microbiopolitics of prevalent forms of antibiotic and probiotic healthcare.