Genetic and cultural improvement of soybean for waterlogged conditions in Asia
Genetic and cultural improvement of soybean for waterlogged conditions in Asia
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.022
复制
发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Kokubun, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kokubun, M.
大豆（Glycine max（L）Merr.）易受水涝影响，这威胁到亚洲潮湿地区的大豆产量。涝渍可以发生在大豆的任何生长阶段，但在发芽前、发芽时或发芽后的淹水胁迫会导致严重的种子和幼苗损伤，导致成熟时籽粒产量的大幅降低。在浸水条件下，种子迅速吸胀，由于细胞的突然膨胀而破坏种子组织。种子吸水过程中的解剖学观察表明，糊粉层阻止水分突然渗透到胚中，而与基因型无关。根据这些观察，耐涝基因型的遗传分析目前正在进行中，并试图纳入负责这种耐受性的基因。在缓解种子萌发过程中受水淹伤害的栽培措施中，播种前对种子进行预保湿被证明是最有效的。出苗后，水涝损害根的功能，主要是由于缺氧，从而营养吸收和生长的能力。分子表征的酶在生长中的植物受到水浸处理，确定了几个基因参与无氧呼吸。此外，一些大豆品种被发现形成通气组织，从地上组织运输氧气到根系，以响应淹水。这些现象应利用耐涝品种的选育。包括部分耕作和调整地下水位在内的耕作方法也有效地减轻了水涝造成的损害。这些方法的结合应能使亚洲湿润农业地区的大豆生产稳定。(C)2012 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) is vulnerable to waterlogging, which threatens soybean productivity in humid regions of Asia. Waterlogging can happen during any growth stage of soybean, but flooding stress before, at or after germination causes severe seed and seedling damage, resulting in substantial reduction of grain yield at maturity. Under waterlogged conditions, seeds imbibe rapidly, destroying seed tissues due to abrupt swelling of the cells. Anatomical observations during water absorption of seeds revealed that the aleurone layer blocks abrupt water penetration into the embryo regardless of genotype. Based on these observations, genetic analyses of waterlogging-tolerant genotypes are currently in progress and attempts to incorporate the genes responsible for such tolerance are being made. Among cultural measures to alleviate waterlogging-induced damage during germination, pre-hydrating seeds prior to sowing proved to be most effective. After emergence, waterlogging impairs root function, primarily due to hypoxia, and thereby the capacity for nutrient uptake and growth. Molecular characterization of enzymes expressed in growing plants subjected to waterlogging treatment has identified several genes involved in anaerobic respiration. In addition, some soybean cultivars were found to form aerenchyma, which transports oxygen from aboveground tissues to the root system, in response to waterlogging. These phenomena should be exploited for breeding waterlogging-tolerant cultivars. Cultural methods including partial tillage and adjustment of the water table also effectively mitigate damage caused by waterlogging. Integration of these approaches should lead to stable soybean production in humid agricultural areas of Asia. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.