Carbon Budget of Tidal Wetlands, Estuaries, and Shelf Waters of Eastern North America
Carbon Budget of Tidal Wetlands, Estuaries, and Shelf Waters of Eastern North America
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DOI：
10.1002/2017gb005790
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
R. Najjar;M. Herrmann;R. Alexander;E. Boyer;D. Burdige;D. Butman;W. Cai;E. Canuel;Robert F. Chen;M. Friedrichs;R. Feagin;P. Griffith;A. Hinson;J. Holmquist;Xinping Hu;W. Kemp;K. Kroeger;A. Mannino;S. L. McCallister;W. McGillis;M. Mulholland;C. Pilskaln;J. Salisbury;S. Signorini;P. St‐Laurent;H. Tian;M. Tzortziou;P. Vlahos;Zhaohui Aleck Wang;R. Zimmerman
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文献类型：
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作者：
R. Najjar;M. Herrmann;R. Alexander;E. Boyer;D. Burdige;D. Butman;W. Cai;E. Canuel;Robert F. Chen;M. Friedrichs;R. Feagin;P. Griffith;A. Hinson;J. Holmquist;Xinping Hu;W. Kemp;K. Kroeger;A. Mannino;S. L. McCallister;W. McGillis;M. Mulholland;C. Pilskaln;J. Salisbury;S. Signorini;P. St‐Laurent;H. Tian;M. Tzortziou;P. Vlahos;Zhaohui Aleck Wang;R. Zimmerman
沿海地区的碳循环影响全球碳收支，对于理解缺氧、酸化和潮滩湿地丧失等紧迫问题至关重要。然而，目前还没有涵盖沿海水域三种主要生态系统（潮滩湿地、河口和陆架水域）的区域碳收支。在此，我们利用历史数据、经验模型、遥感算法和基于过程的模型，为北美东部构建了这样一个收支。考虑到区域边界处总碳的净通量，进入的碳有59±12%（±2倍标准误差）来自河流，41±12%来自大气，而离开的碳有80±9%输出到开阔大洋，20±9%被埋藏。三种主要生态系统类型之间的净横向碳转移量与区域边界处的通量相当。每种生态系统类型对与大气的交换都有重大贡献，二氧化碳吸收在潮滩湿地和陆架水域之间平均分配，河口的二氧化碳排放抵消了一半的吸收量。同样，埋藏量在潮滩湿地和陆架水域大致相等，而河口的作用较小但仍然很重要。鉴于潮滩湿地和河口分别仅占研究区域面积的2.4%和8.9%，它们在总体收支中的重要性令人瞩目。这项研究表明，沿海碳收支应明确包括潮滩湿地、河口、陆架水域以及它们之间的联系；忽略其中任何一个都可能导致对沿海碳循环的片面认识。
Carbon cycling in the coastal zone affects global carbon budgets and is critical for understanding the urgent issues of hypoxia, acidification, and tidal wetland loss. However, there are no regional carbon budgets spanning the three main ecosystems in coastal waters: tidal wetlands, estuaries, and shelf waters. Here we construct such a budget for eastern North America using historical data, empirical models, remote sensing algorithms, and process‐based models. Considering the net fluxes of total carbon at the domain boundaries, 59 ± 12% (± 2 standard errors) of the carbon entering is from rivers and 41 ± 12% is from the atmosphere, while 80 ± 9% of the carbon leaving is exported to the open ocean and 20 ± 9% is buried. Net lateral carbon transfers between the three main ecosystem types are comparable to fluxes at the domain boundaries. Each ecosystem type contributes substantially to exchange with the atmosphere, with CO2 uptake split evenly between tidal wetlands and shelf waters, and estuarine CO2 outgassing offsetting half of the uptake. Similarly, burial is about equal in tidal wetlands and shelf waters, while estuaries play a smaller but still substantial role. The importance of tidal wetlands and estuaries in the overall budget is remarkable given that they, respectively, make up only 2.4 and 8.9% of the study domain area. This study shows that coastal carbon budgets should explicitly include tidal wetlands, estuaries, shelf waters, and the linkages between them; ignoring any of them may produce a biased picture of coastal carbon cycling.