Warming during maternal generations delays offspring germination in native and nonnative species
Warming during maternal generations delays offspring germination in native and nonnative species
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DOI：
10.1111/oik.08345
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发表时间：
2021-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
M. A. Zettlemoyer;J. Lau
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. A. Zettlemoyer;J. Lau
随着全球变暖和其他人为环境变化导致的环境条件变化，发芽或开花时间等物候特征的塑性反应可能变得越来越重要。虽然物候可塑性是对全球变暖的一种常见反应，许多种群在温暖的年份表现出更早的发芽或开花，但变暖也可能导致跨代可塑性，特别是在生命早期阶段。换句话说，居住在温暖环境中的母亲产生的种子可能比居住在周围或较冷环境中的母亲产生的种子发芽更快（或更慢）。在这里，我们使用从田间变暖实验中收集的种子来研究发芽和早期生长在环境与母亲和后代经历的温暖（+3°C）温度下的差异。由于非本地物种通常比本地物种更具表型可塑性，并且由于各种生活史特征和环境因素影响了代内和跨代可塑性的演变，因此我们在研究中包括了多种入侵和本地植物物种。平均而言，母亲世代经历的变暖使发芽延迟了约0.2天°C−1，尽管物种的反应程度不同。相比之下，后代世代的变暖倾向于将发芽提前约0.1天°C−1。非本地物种表现出更高的发芽成功率比本地物种，但我们没有发现本地和非本地物种之间的发芽时间或本地和非本地物种不同，无论是内或跨代可塑性，虽然物种（独立于本地状态）确实表现出不同程度的内和跨代可塑性的发芽时间和早期生长。这项研究表明，母体植物经历的温度可以影响其后代的发芽物候，甚至可能比后代直接环境中经历的温度更大。
As environmental conditions shift due to global warming and other human‐caused environmental changes, plastic responses in phenological traits like germination or flowering time may become increasingly important. While phenological plasticity is a common response to global warming, with many populations exhibiting earlier germination or flowering in warmer years, warming may also result in transgenerational plasticity, especially on early life stages. In other words, seeds produced by mothers inhabiting warmer environments may germinate faster (or slower) than seeds produced by mothers inhabiting ambient or cooler environments. Here, we use seeds collected from a field warming experiment to examine how germination and early growth differ in response to ambient versus warmed (+3°C) temperatures experienced by both maternal and offspring generations. Because nonnative species are often more phenotypically plastic than native species and because a variety of life‐history traits and environmental factors affect the evolution of both within‐ and transgenerational plasticity, we include multiple invasive and native plant species in our study. On average, warming experienced during maternal generations delayed germination by ~0.2 days °C−1, although species varied in the magnitude of response. In contrast, warming during the offspring generation tended to advance germination by ~0.1 days °C−1. Nonnative species demonstrated higher germination success than native species, but we detected no differences in germination timing between native and nonnative species or that native and nonnative species differed in either within‐ or transgenerational plasticity, although species (independent of native status) did exhibit differing degrees of within‐ and transgenerational plasticity in germination timing and early growth. This study suggests that temperatures experienced by maternal plants can influence their offspring's germination phenology, potentially even more so than temperatures experienced in the offspring's immediate environment.