Riboswitch Mechanisms: New Tricks for an Old Dog.
Riboswitch Mechanisms: New Tricks for an Old Dog.
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DOI：
10.1134/s0006297921080071
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发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Serganov A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ariza-Mateos A;Nuthanakanti A;Serganov A
核糖开关发现于近20年前，是细菌中最常见的调节系统之一，在真核生物和古细菌中发现了代表。与许多其他调控元件不同，核糖开关完全由RNA组成，并且能够通过直接结合小细胞分子来调节基因的表达。虽然细菌核糖开关最初被认为是通过反馈调节回路控制与小有机分子相关的酶和转运蛋白的产生，但后来的发现确定了核糖开关指导广泛的基因表达并响应各种类型的分子，包括离子，信号分子等。5′-非翻译mRNA区域含有绝大多数核糖开关，其通过配体传感结构域和相邻表达控制平台中的构象重排来调节下游基因的转录或翻译。多年来，核糖开关所采用的调控机制的库已经大大扩展;最近的研究强调了替代机制的重要性，如RNA降解，核糖开关介导的遗传电路。本文综述了细菌核糖开关的机制，并说明核糖开关如何利用不同的功能和方法，引发各种监管反应。
Discovered almost twenty years ago, riboswitches turned out to be one of the most common regulatory systems in bacteria, with representatives found in eukaryotes and archaea. Unlike many other regulatory elements, riboswitches are entirely composed of RNA and capable of modulating expression of genes by direct binding of small cellular molecules. While bacterial riboswitches were initially thought to control production of enzymes and transporters associated with small organic molecules via feedback regulatory circuits, later findings identified riboswitches directing expression of a wide range of genes and responding to various classes of molecules, including ions, signaling molecules, and others. The 5′-untranslated mRNA regions host a vast majority of riboswitches, which modulate transcription or translation of downstream genes through conformational rearrangements in the ligand-sensing domains and adjacent expression-controlling platforms. Over years, the repertoire of the regulatory mechanisms employed by riboswitches has greatly expanded; most recent studies highlighted the importance of alternative mechanisms, such as RNA degradation, for the riboswitch-mediated genetic circuits. This review discusses the plethora of bacterial riboswitch mechanisms and illustrates how riboswitches utilize different features and approaches to elicit various regulatory responses.