Molecular Mechanisms of Persistence in Protozoan Parasites.
Molecular Mechanisms of Persistence in Protozoan Parasites.
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DOI：
10.3390/microorganisms11092248
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发表时间：
2023-09-07
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Karamysheva ZN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tarannum A;Rodríguez-Almonacid CC;Salazar-Bravo J;Karamysheva ZN
原生动物寄生虫以其在脊椎动物宿主体内持久存在的非凡能力而闻名，这常常导致长期感染和疾病复发。鉴于这些途径仍需要彻底阐明，了解持久性事件背后的分子机制对于开发创新治疗方法至关重要。本文全面概述了脊椎动物宿主中原生动物持久性研究的最新进展。重点主要在于持续存在的功能、它们在宿主内的形成以及它们持续存在时宿主和寄生虫之间的特定分子相互作用。此外，我们还研究了原生动物寄生虫在脊椎动物宿主体内持续存在期间经历的代谢组、转录和翻译变化，重点关注疟原虫属、锥虫属、利什曼原虫属和弓形虫属等主要寄生虫。我们研究的主要发现表明，原生动物寄生虫采用多种分子和生理策略来逃避宿主的免疫监视并维持其持久性。此外，一些寄生虫会经历阶段分化，使它们能够适应不同的宿主环境和免疫挑战。更常见的是，药物暴露等压力源被证明会显着影响原生动物持续存在的形成。了解调节脊椎动物宿主中原生动物寄生虫持久性的分子机制可以重振我们目前对宿主与寄生虫相互作用的认识，并促进更有效的疾病治疗方法的开发。
Protozoan parasites are known for their remarkable capacity to persist within the bodies of vertebrate hosts, which frequently results in prolonged infections and the recurrence of diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the event of persistence is of paramount significance to develop innovative therapeutic approaches, given that these pathways still need to be thoroughly elucidated. The present article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the investigation of protozoan persistence in vertebrate hosts. The focus is primarily on the function of persisters, their formation within the host, and the specific molecular interactions between host and parasite while they persist. Additionally, we examine the metabolomic, transcriptional, and translational changes that protozoan parasites undergo during persistence within vertebrate hosts, focusing on major parasites such as Plasmodium spp., Trypanosoma spp., Leishmania spp., and Toxoplasma spp. Key findings of our study suggest that protozoan parasites deploy several molecular and physiological strategies to evade the host immune surveillance and sustain their persistence. Furthermore, some parasites undergo stage differentiation, enabling them to acclimate to varying host environments and immune challenges. More often, stressors such as drug exposure were demonstrated to impact the formation of protozoan persisters significantly. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the persistence of protozoan parasites in vertebrate hosts can reinvigorate our current insights into host–parasite interactions and facilitate the development of more efficacious disease therapeutics.
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