The Origin and Population History of the Endangered Golden Snub-Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)
The Origin and Population History of the Endangered Golden Snub-Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)
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濒危金丝猴（Rhinopithecus roxellana）的起源和种群历史
DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msy220
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Yu, Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kuang, Wei-Min;Ming, Chen;Yu, Li
濒危金丝猴（Rhinopithecus roxellana）的起源和种群历史在很大程度上仍然无法获得和/或有争议。本文对来自三个地理种群（SG、QL和SNJ）的54只金丝猴个体的线粒体（mt）基因组、y染色体和常染色体进行了综合分析。我们的研究结果揭示了截然不同的人口结构。Mt分析表明，金丝猴可分为五个谱系：一个在SNJ，两个在SG，两个在QL。其中一个SG谱系（SG/QL混合谱系）是所有其他谱系的基础。相比之下，常染色体分析将SNJ视为最基础的谱系，并确定了一个QL和三个SG谱系。值得注意的是，y染色体分析在将SG/QL混合谱系作为第一个分化谱系并将SG划分为两个谱系方面具有与mt分析相似的特征，而在确定一个QL谱系方面与常染色体分析相似。我们进一步发现这三个群体在常染色体位点上存在双向基因流动，而在mt基因组和y染色体上存在不对称基因流动。我们认为，不同的种群结构和基因流动情景是鼠尾草传播模式性别连锁差异的结果。此外，我们的人口统计学模拟分析支持一个起源假设，即祖先roxellana种群曾经广泛分布，然后分为SNJ和非SNJ （SG和QL）种群。这不同于先前基于mt的“单起源（SG是源种群）”和“多起源（SG是QL和SNJ的融合）”假设。我们为这一濒危灵长类物种的起源和种群历史提供了一个详细而精细的情景，这对中国生物地理学具有更广泛的意义。此外，本研究强调了研究具有不同遗传模式的多个基因组标记对于追踪一个物种的完整进化历史的重要性，特别是对于那些表现出差异或混合性别分散模式的物种。
The origin and population history of the endangered golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) remain largely unavailable and/or controversial. We here integrate analyses of multiple genomic markers, including mitochondrial (mt) genomes, Y-chromosomes, and autosomes of 54 golden monkey individuals from all three geographic populations (SG, QL, and SNJ). Our results reveal contrasting population structures. Mt analyses suggest a division of golden monkeys into five lineages: one in SNJ, two in SG, and two in QL. One of the SG lineages (a mixed SG/QL lineage) is basal to all other lineages. In contrast, autosomal analyses place SNJ as the most basal lineage and identify one QL and three SG lineages. Notably, Y-chromosome analyses bear features similar to mt analyses in placing the SG/QL-mixed lineage as the first diverging lineage and dividing SG into two lineages, while resembling autosomal analyses in identifying one QL lineage. We further find bidirectional gene flow among all three populations at autosomal loci, while asymmetric gene flow is suggested at mt genomes and Y-chromosomes. We propose that different population structures and gene flow scenarios are the result of sex-linked differences in the dispersal pattern of R. roxellana. Moreover, our demographic simulation analyses support an origin hypothesis suggesting that the ancestral R. roxellana population was once widespread and then divided into SNJ and non-SNJ (SG and QL) populations. This differs from previous mt-based "mono-origin (SG is the source population)" and "multiorigin (SG is a fusion of QL and SNJ)" hypotheses. We provide a detailed and refined scenario for the origin and population history of this endangered primate species, which has a broader significance for Chinese biogeography. In addition, this study highlights the importance to investigate multiple genomic markers with different modes of inheritance to trace the complete evolutionary history of a species, especially for those exhibiting differential or mixed patterns of sex dispersal.