CONTACT MECHANICS AND FRICTION: PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS
CONTACT MECHANICS AND FRICTION: PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS
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DOI：
10.1177/0954409711403547
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发表时间：
2011-04
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Knothe
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作者：
K. Knothe
每个研究轮轨接触力学问题的人，迟早都要接触两本书。其中一本书是约翰逊的书接触力学（K。L.约翰逊：接触力学，剑桥大学出版社，1985; 6.版2001），另一种是Kalker的专著（J. J. Kalker：Three Dimensional Elastic Bodies in Rolling Contact，Kluwer Academic Publishers，多尔德雷赫特，1990）。这两本书超越了轮对轨道接触的滚动接触力学。与Kalker，问题围绕着弹性体接触问题的数值处理。任何人想要处理真实的轮轨系统的接触机械问题，包括磨损，都不能忽视Kalker的工作。在约翰逊的书中，各种各样的接触力学问题被认为是，不仅在该领域的理论弹性。约翰逊总是使用解析、半解析或图解法。现在，正如标题所宣布的那样，施普林格出版社在这一领域又出了一本书，最初是为德语世界出版的，现在是英文版。人们自然会问，鉴于已经有两本关于这一主题的专著，这一领域的另一本书是否合理。答案是肯定的：是的。这个答案的原因从标题中变得很清楚：接触力学和摩擦力齐头并进。副标题清楚地表明，这本书并不局限于纯粹的机械问题，而是追溯到物理基础。评论家同意本书作者的观点，即（即使是像轮轨接触这样明显的“纯”技术问题），如果需要解决以前未解决或未令人满意地解决的问题，也不可能避免物理考虑。波波夫的这本书使人们比以前更容易考虑新的问题。波波夫主要不是为学术界的同事写作，而是为接触力学领域的学生和工程师写作。瓦伦丁·波波夫认为，接触力学和摩擦的基本方面比它们通常看起来要简单得多。作者成功地以尽可能简单的方式呈现了非常复杂的情况。因此，他暴露了自己的批评，从同事在物理学领域的过度简化的问题。显然，他并没有停止这种批评，因为他首先想帮助初学者克服他的心理抑制。通过仔细阅读目录，一个更广泛的方面变得清晰起来。第2章和第3章涉及定性方法，而第5章和第6章涉及“严格”方法。最重要的是，作者必须用定性的方法获得基本的见解;只有这样，作者才接近一个更严格的程序来求精确解。然而，即使在那里，他仍然限制自己（例如与赫兹接触问题），以最简单的情况下（球的半空间）的广义情况下，他再次提供了一个近似。重要的是，作者传达基本的见解一般问题：粘合剂接触，粗糙度，振动引起的振荡，热效应，粘弹性，磨损，和高频振动的影响。与德文版相比，我们可以找到一个额外的章节，题为“地震和预防”。当然，这一章对于滚动接触问题不是必需的，但是它表明了作者如何处理全新的问题。重点是轮轨接触问题，主要是滚动接触问题和库仑摩擦定律。本文详细讨论了PrandtlTomlinson干摩擦模型。在波波夫的书的第19章中，涉及接触力学和摩擦的数值模拟方法。主要感兴趣的是一个程序，其中一个三维接触问题始终表示为一个一维问题。与Kalker的简化理论有一定的接近性是明确无误的。然而，波波夫更进一步，他将他的模拟方法，他称之为简化方法，应用于粗糙表面的接触。与Kalker（FASTSIM）不同，过渡到任意接触表面（仍然）是不可能的。本书的读者不应该期望有一个普遍的补救办法。理解与一定程度的努力相联系的事实将变得非常清楚，至少，341
Everybody who deals with the problem of the contact mechanics between wheel and rail sooner or later has to deal with two books. One of these books is Johnson’s book on contact mechanics (K. L. Johnson: Contact Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 1985; 6. Edition 2001) and the other is Kalker’s monograph (J. J. Kalker: Three Dimensional Elastic Bodies in Rolling Contact, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990). Both books go beyond the rolling contact mechanics of wheel-on-rail contact. With Kalker, the problem revolves around numerical treatment of contact problems for elastic bodies. Everybody who wants to deal with contact mechanical problems for real wheel-rail systems, including wear, cannot ignore the work of Kalker. In Johnson’s book a broad variety of contact mechanical problems are considered, not only in the field of theory of elasticity. Johnson always uses analytical, semi-analytical, or graphical solutions. Now, as announced in the title, there is an additional book in this field at Springer publishing house, initially for the German-speaking world and now as an English edition. One naturally asks, if another book in this field is justified, given that two monographs on the subject already exist. The answer is definitely: Yes. The reason for this answer becomes clear from the title: Contact Mechanics and Friction go hand in hand. The subtitle makes it clear that the book is not limited to a purely mechanical problem, but rather it reaches back to physical fundamentals. The reviewer agrees with the author of this book in that (even with apparently ‘‘pure’’ technical problems such as the wheel-rail contact) it is impossible to avoid physical considerations, if one is required to tackle previously unsolved or unsatisfactorily solved aspects. The book by Popov allows new problems to be considered more easily than before. Popov primarily writes not for academic colleagues, but for students and engineers in the field of contact mechanics. Valentin Popov believes that the essential aspects of contact mechanics and friction are much simpler than they often appear to be. The author has succeeded in presenting very complicated situations in the simplest possible way. Thereby, he exposes himself to criticism from colleagues in the field of physics for oversimplifying matters. Obviously, he does not stop short of this criticism, for he first wants to help the beginner to overcome his psychological inhibitions. Already by perusing the table of contents, a broader aspect becomes clear. Chapters 2 and 3 deal with a qualitative approach whereas Chapters 5 and 6 with a ‘‘rigorous’’ approach. Above all, it is essential to the author to gain fundamental insights with a qualitative approach; only then does the author draw near to a more stringent procedure for the exact solution. However, even there he still limits himself (for instance with Hertzian contact problems) to the simplest case (sphere on a half-space) for the generalized cases, once again he provides an approximation. It is important to the author to convey basic insights into general problems: adhesive contact, roughness, frictionally induced oscillations, thermal effects, viscoelastic properties, wear, and influence of high frequency vibrations. Compared with the German edition one can find an additional chapter entitled ‘‘Earthquake and Friction’’. Of course, this chapter is not necessary for rolling contact problems; however it indicates how the author tackles completely new problems. The focal point, above all regarding the wheel-rail contact, is composed of the rolling contact problem and Coulomb’s law of friction. At this the PrandtlTomlinson model of dry friction is considered in detail. In Chapter 19 of Popov’s book, numerical simulation methods for contact mechanics and friction are covered. Of main interest is a procedure in which a three-dimensional contact problem is consistently represented as a one-dimensional problem. A certain proximity to Kalker’s simplified theory is unmistakable. Popov, however, goes further when he applies his simulation method, which he calls reduction method, to the contact of rough surfaces. Different from Kalker (FASTSIM), the transition to arbitrary contact surfaces is (still) not possible. The reader of this book should not expect a universal remedy. The fact that understanding is linked to some amount of effort will become very clear, at least, 341