Templated Growth of Crystalline Mesoporous Materials: From Soft/Hard Templates to Colloidal Templates
Templated Growth of Crystalline Mesoporous Materials: From Soft/Hard Templates to Colloidal Templates
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DOI：
10.3389/fchem.2019.00022
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发表时间：
2019-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Lei Zhang;Lei Jin;Ben Liu;Jie He
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lei Zhang;Lei Jin;Ben Liu;Jie He
介孔非硅材料，特别是介孔过渡金属氧化物（m-TMO），由于其令人着迷的电子、氧化还原和磁性特性，在催化和能量存储方面具有广泛的应用，因此受到人们的关注。 m-TMO 的孔隙率（例如孔径、壁厚和表面积）和结晶度（例如相组成、结晶度和晶粒尺寸）的控制对于这些应用至关重要。为了使 TMO 结晶，通常需要高温退火来去除非晶缺陷和/或调整不同晶相的成分。这给蒸发诱导自组装制备m-TMOs过程中使用的表面活性剂或嵌段共聚物模板带来了许多挑战。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最新的成就，包括我们自己实验室关于使用含有机硅酸盐的胶体进行介孔材料模板化生长的发现。我们回顾了使用不同模板方法制备结晶介孔氧化物的几个关键示例。重点介绍了胶体模板法，通过该方法可以将介孔纳米结构稳定在高达 1,000°C 的温度下。还讨论了使用含有机硅酸盐的胶体模板合成的m-TMO和内消旋金属氧化物杂化物在光催化和高温催化中的应用。
Mesoporous non-siliceous materials, in particular mesoporous transition metal oxides (m-TMOs), are of interest due to their fascinating electronic, redox, and magnetic properties for a wide range of applications in catalysis and energy storage. Control of the porosity (e.g., pore size, wall thickness, and surface area) and the crystalline degree (e.g., phase composition, crystallinity, and crystal grain size) of m-TMOs are critical for those applications. To crystallize TMOs, high temperature annealing is often needed to remove the amorphous defects and/or tune the compositions of different crystalline phases. This has brought many challenges to surfactant or block copolymer templates used in the process of evaporation-induced-self-assembly to prepare m-TMOs. In this review, we summarize the most recent achievements including the findings in our own laboratory on the use of organosilicate-containing colloids for the templated growth of mesoporous materials. We review a few key examples of preparing crystalline mesoporous oxides using different templating methods. The colloidal templating method by which mesoporous nanostructures can be stabilized up to 1,000°C is highlighted. The applications of m-TMOs and meso metal-oxide hybrids synthesized using organosilicate-containing colloidal templates in photocatalysis and high-temperature catalysis are also discussed.