Tropical Cirrus in Global Storm‐Resolving Models: 1. Role of Deep Convection

Tropical Cirrus in Global Storm‐Resolving Models: 1. Role of Deep Convection
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全球风暴中的热带卷云——解析模型:1.深层对流的作用

DOI:
10.1029/2021ea001965
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Ackerman, T. P.
Ackerman, T. P.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nugent, J. M.;Turbeville, S. M.;Bretherton, C. S.;Blossey, P. N.;Ackerman, T. P.

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对流层上部和热带对流层顶层(TTL)中普遍存在的卷云通过改变大气层顶辐射平衡和平流层水汽收支来影响气候。这些卷云通常与深对流有关,全球气候模型必须参数化并努力准确模拟。通过比较高分辨率的全球风暴解析模型从大气环流动力学建模非静力域(DYAMOND)相互比较,明确模拟深对流卫星观测,我们评估这些模型模拟深对流,对流产生的卷云,以及深对流注入水到TTL在代表性的热带陆地和海洋地区。DYAMOND模式对陆地和海洋区域的深对流降水、组织和云结构模拟得相当好,但模式间存在明显差异。所有模式都产生频繁的过冲对流,其最强的上升气流使TTL增湿,是TTL冻结水的主要来源。在每个模式中,云的特性和对流注入的模式间差异超过了陆地和海洋区域之间的差异。我们认为,随着进一步的改进,全球风暴解析模型可以更好地代表热带卷云和深对流在现在和未来的气候比粗分辨率的气候模式。为了实现这一潜力,他们必须利用现有的观测来完善他们的冰微物理和动态流解算器。
Pervasive cirrus clouds in the upper troposphere and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) influence the climate by altering the top‐of‐atmosphere radiation balance and stratospheric water vapor budget. These cirrus are often associated with deep convection, which global climate models must parameterize and struggle to accurately simulate. By comparing high‐resolution global storm‐resolving models from the Dynamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non‐hydrostatic Domains (DYAMOND) intercomparison that explicitly simulate deep convection to satellite observations, we assess how well these models simulate deep convection, convectively generated cirrus, and deep convective injection of water into the TTL over representative tropical land and ocean regions. The DYAMOND models simulate deep convective precipitation, organization, and cloud structure fairly well over land and ocean regions, but with clear intermodel differences. All models produce frequent overshooting convection whose strongest updrafts humidify the TTL and are its main source of frozen water. Intermodel differences in cloud properties and convective injection exceed differences between land and ocean regions in each model. We argue that, with further improvements, global storm‐resolving models can better represent tropical cirrus and deep convection in present and future climates than coarser‐resolution climate models. To realize this potential, they must use available observations to perfect their ice microphysics and dynamical flow solvers.
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