Deliberation Enhances the Confirmation Bias: An Examination of Politics and Religion
Deliberation Enhances the Confirmation Bias: An Examination of Politics and Religion
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深思熟虑增强了确认偏差：对政治和宗教的审视
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3602417
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Dickinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Dickinson
现有的研究记录了政治领域的确认偏见，但相对较少的研究调查了宗教领域的确认偏见。我在宗教领域开发了一项新任务，将确认偏颇的证据与政治领域观察到的证据进行比较。使用预先登记的数据收集和分析计划，我检查了按政治和宗教信仰预先筛选的n=402名参与者的数据。参与者接受了一项在线任务，该任务检查了选择性信息暴露和与自己关于“枪支管制”和“上帝存在”的信仰不一致的论点的感知强度。结果证明，在信息暴露和感知论点的力量确认偏差。我还检验了这样一个假设，即在对任务进行更多思考或考虑的情况下，确认偏误会更强。这里的证据取决于深思熟虑的程度，但通常支持这一假设。例如，数据显示，那些对手头的话题（枪支管制和上帝的存在）思考过很多的人，在感知论点的力量上，比那些对这个问题思考得较少的人表现出更强的确认偏差。本文通过提供新的证据来记录跨领域直接比较的确认偏差。而且，关于深思熟虑如何加剧偏见的发现与之前的研究一致，表明确认偏见可能不同于其他决策偏见——当决策者更深思熟虑或更周到时，这种偏见可能会茁壮成长。
Existing research has documented the confirmation bias in the domain of politics, but relatively little research has examined the confirmation bias in religion. I developed a novel task in the religious domain and compare confirmation bias evidence to that observed in the political domain. Using a preregistered data collection and analysis plan, I examined data from n=402 participants prescreened by political and religious beliefs. Participants were administered the online task that examined selective information exposure and perceived strength of arguments that are incongruent to one's own beliefs regarding "gun control" and the "existence of God".Results documented a confirmation bias in both information exposure and perceived argument strength. I also examined the hypothesis that the confirmation bias is stronger in situations where more thought or deliberation is brought to bear on the task. The evidence here depends on the measure of deliberation used, but generally supports this hypothesis. For example, the data showed that individuals who have thought a lot about the topic at hand (gun control and the existence of God) displayed a stronger confirmation bias in perceived argument strength than those having thought less about the issue.This paper contributes by offering new evidence documenting the confirmation bias directly compared across domains. And, the findings regarding how deliberation may worsen the bias are in line with previous research suggesting the confirmation bias may be unlike other decision biases — this bias may thrive when the decision maker is more is more deliberative or thoughtful.