THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD HEARING IMPAIRMENT FACTORS RELEVANT TO PLANNING OF SERVICES
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD HEARING IMPAIRMENT FACTORS RELEVANT TO PLANNING OF SERVICES
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DOI：
10.3109/03005369209077875
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发表时间：
1992-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
WOOD S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DAVIS A;WOOD S
在诺丁汉地区卫生局，我们发现在1983-1986年间出生的943名婴儿中有一人患有先天性或进行性听力障碍(较好的耳朵在0.5、1、2、4 kHz的平均频率为50dBHL或更高)。如果将这一数字在非新生儿重症监护病房婴儿和新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)毕业生之间进行细分，我们发现每174名NICU毕业生中就有一人听力受损，而非NICU婴儿中只有1278人患有听力障碍。剔除那些有已知听力障碍家族史的非NICU婴儿人口，以及那些在出生时已知的相关综合征的婴儿，NICU婴儿患有此类听力障碍的赔率比为10.2：1。此外，听力受损的NICU婴儿更有可能患有其他残疾(优势比8.7比1)。获得性感觉神经或混合性损害约占3岁前有损害儿童的9%。在儿童听力评估中心(CHAC)就诊的听力受损程度在95分贝或以上的患者中，有20%的人有后天听力障碍。先天性听力障碍的平均转诊年龄被发现是严重程度和NICU状态的函数。对于听力受损在80dBHL或更高的儿童，转诊的平均和中位年龄均为8个月(S.D.4个月)。
In the Nottingham District Health Authority we found that one in 943 babies born betwen 1983-1986 have a sensorineural or mixed hearing impairment (at 50 dB HL or greater in the better ear averaged over the frequencies 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz) that is either congenital or progressive in nature. If this figure is broken down between non-neonatal intensive care unit babies and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduates, we find that one in 174 NICU graduates have a hearing impairment compared with one in 1278 non-NICU babies. Excluding from the non-NICU baby population those with a known family history of hearing impairment, and those with a known relevant syndrome at birth, there is a 10.2 to 1 odds ratio for babies in NICU to have such hearing impairments compared to this restricted 'normal' baby population. In addition NICU babies with a hearing impairment were considerably more likely to have another disability (odds ratio 8.7 to 1). Acquired sensorineural or mixed impairments comprised about 9% of the children with impairments by 3 years of age. Twenty per cent of the patients seen at the Children's Hearing Assessment Center (CHAC) with better-ear impairment of 95 dB HL or greater had acquired hearing impairments. The mean age of referral for congenital hearing impairments was found to be a function of severity and NICU status. For children with better-ear hearing impairments of 80 dB HL or greater, the mean and median ages of referral were both 8 months (s.d. 4 months).