Feasibility and acceptability of oral cholera vaccine mass vaccination campaign in response to an outbreak and floods in Malawi.
Feasibility and acceptability of oral cholera vaccine mass vaccination campaign in response to an outbreak and floods in Malawi.
复制标题
DOI：
10.11604/pamj.2016.23.203.8346
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Legros D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Msyamboza KP;M'bang'ombe M;Hausi H;Chijuwa A;Nkukumila V;Kubwalo HW;Desai S;Pezzoli L;Legros D
尽管在提供安全饮用水、适当的环境卫生和个人卫生宣传方面有所改善，但霍乱仍然是马拉维的一个主要公共卫生问题，自1998年以来几乎每年都爆发。为了应对2014/2015年霍乱疫情，卫生部和合作伙伴决定评估大规模口服霍乱疫苗（OCV）作为额外公共卫生措施的可行性和可接受性。本文重点介绍了2014/15年霍乱疫情的负担，以及2015年3月和4月开展的OCV运动的成功和挑战。这是在马拉维开展的第一次OCV运动的文件。该运动的对象是居住在Nsanje区19个因洪水而流离失所的境内流离失所者营地及其周围社区的160 000多名一岁或一岁以上的人。这是一项反应性运动，是针对经实验室证实的霍乱爆发而采取的改善水、环境卫生和个人卫生的补充措施。在2015年3月30日至4月4日进行的第一轮OCV运动期间，160，482名目标人群中共有156，592人（97.6%）接受了OCV。在第二轮（2015年4月20日至25日）期间，共有137，629人（85.8%）接受了OCV。其中，108，247人（67.6%）接受了第二剂，29，382人（18.3%）接受了第一剂。在134，836名已知性别和性别的人中，接受了1或2次剂量，54.4%是女性，超过一半（55.4%）是15岁以下的儿童。在108 237名接受两剂疫苗（完全免疫）的人中，54.4%是女性，51.9%是15岁以下的儿童。免疫接种后未报告严重不良事件。未接种疫苗或未能接种2剂疫苗的主要原因是在活动期间缺席。这些文件表明，在五周内在马拉维开展大规模的OCV运动是可行的，也是社区可以接受的。在收到的320，000剂口服避孕药中，马拉维至少管理了294，221剂（91.9%）。因此，可以考虑在马拉维霍乱热点地区采用OCV作为补充措施。
Despite some improvement in provision of safe drinking water, proper sanitation and hygiene promotion, cholera still remains a major public health problem in Malawi with outbreaks occurring almost every year since 1998. In response to 2014/2015 cholera outbreak, ministry of health and partners made a decision to assess the feasibility and acceptability of conducting a mass oral cholera vaccine (OCV) as an additional public health measure. This paper highlights the burden of the 2014/15 cholera outbreak, successes and challenges of OCV campaign conducted in March and April 2015. This was a documentation of the first OCV campaign conducted in Malawi. The campaign targeted over 160,000 people aged one year or more living in 19 camps of people internally displaced by floods and their surrounding communities in Nsanje district. It was a reactive campaign as additional measure to improved water, sanitation and hygiene in response to the laboratory confirmed cholera outbreak. During the first round of the OCV campaign conducted from 30 March to 4 April 2015, a total of 156,592 (97.6%) people out of 160,482 target population received OCV. During the second round (20 to 25 April 2015), a total of 137,629 (85.8%) people received OCV. Of these, 108,247 (67.6%) people received their second dose while 29,382 (18.3%) were their first dose. Of the 134,836 people with known gender and sex who received 1 or 2 doses, 54.4% were females and over half (55.4%) were children under the age of 15 years. Among 108,237 people who received 2 doses (fully immunized), 54.4% were females and 51.9% were children under 15 years of age. No severe adverse event following immunization was reported. The main reason for non-vaccination or failure to take the 2 doses was absence during the period of the campaign. This documentation has demonstrated that it was feasible, acceptable by the community to conduct a large-scale mass OCV campaign in Malawi within five weeks. Of 320,000 OCV doses received, Malawi managed to administer at least 294,221 (91.9%) of the doses. OCV could therefore be considered to be introduced as additional measure in cholera hot spot areas in Malawi.