THE PLANT AS A METAPOPULATION
THE PLANT AS A METAPOPULATION
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.es.10.110179.000545
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发表时间：
1979-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
James White
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
James White
“如果从树枝上摘下一个花蕾，切下并种植在土里，用一个倒置的玻璃杯放在它上面，以防止呼气一开始大于它的吸收能力；或者如果将它插入另一棵树的树皮中，它就会生长，并在各方面都像它的母体一样成为一棵植物。这表明，一棵树的每一个芽都是一个单独的植物；因此，一棵树是一个家族或一群单独的植物，就像水螅一样， 它的幼苗从侧面生长出来，或者像珊瑚虫的分支细胞一样……芽是一系列独立的植物成员”。伊拉斯谟·达尔文 (Erasmus Darwin) 的这些观察结果出现在他 1800 年出版的《植物学》(Phytologia) 的第一页 (50)。它们反映了当时植物学家中流行的一种观点，即单一植物（源自一颗种子）不是一个简单的单位，而是亚单位部分的集合。经过各种改进，这一概念在 19 世纪变得普遍，并在一些植物解剖学家和形态学家中持续存在，直到现代。最近，一些植物生态学家拥护相同的概念（植物作为单位部分的集合），试图更好地解释植物人口学的某些方面（104、105、108、262）。我认为（262）对亚单位部分人口统计学的理解是独立个体人口统计学某些方面（特别是在竞争研究中）的起点，而哈珀（104）特别关注克隆生长植物的人口统计学。对生物体（植物和动物）种群动态的广泛概述，其生长可以解释为一些更“基本”结构的积累
" If a bud be torn from the branch of a tree and cut out and planted in the earth with a glass cup inverted over it to prevent the exhalation from being at first greater than its power of absorption; or if it be inserted into the bark of another tree, it will grow, and become a plant in every respect like its parent. This evinces that every bud of a tree is an individual vegetable being; and that a tree therefore is a family or swarm of individual plants, like the polypus, with its growing young out of its sides, or like the branching cells of the coral-insect.... the shoot is a succession of individual vegetable members". These observations by Erasmus Darwin occur on the first page of his Phytologia, published in 1800 (50). They reflect one version of a view by then cuirent among botanists that a single plant (derived from one seed) was not a simple unit but a collection of subunitary parts. Through various refinements this concept became widespread during the nineteenth century and persisted among some plant anatomists and morphologists until modem times.Recently a few plant ecologists have espoused the same concept (the plant as a collection of unit parts), attempting to interpret better some aspects of plant demography (104, 105, 108, 262). I have contended (262) that an understanding of the demography of subunitary parts is the starting point for some aspects of the demography of separate individuals (particularly in competition studies), and Harper (104) has drawn particular attention to the demography of plants with clonal growth. A wide overview of the population dynamics of organisms (plants and animals) whose growth can be interpreted as an accumulation of some more'elementary'constructional