Experience-Dependent Development of Feature-Selective Synchronization in the Primary Visual Cortex
Experience-Dependent Development of Feature-Selective Synchronization in the Primary Visual Cortex
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0027-18.2018
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发表时间：
2018-09-05
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Yoshimura, Yumiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ishikawa, Ayako Wendy;Komatsu, Yukio;Yoshimura, Yumiko
早期视觉经验对视觉功能的成熟至关重要，其中初级视觉皮层起着至关重要的作用。基于单个神经元反应选择性的视觉特征提取是皮层的一个基本过程，这一过程基本上是通过啮齿动物的睁眼建立起来的，这表明除了特征提取之外，神经功能的发展还需要视觉经验。在这里，我们发现同步放电对视觉信息处理很重要，它选择性地发生在大鼠视觉皮层第2-4层（上层）具有相似方向或空间频率偏好的相邻神经元中。这种特征选择性脉冲同步在睁眼时是初级的，在睁眼后的最初几周只有在模式视觉出现时才会变得突出。与上层同步相比，5-6层（下层）的同步几乎不依赖于方向相似度，对空间频率相似度的依赖更弱。在眼睛睁开后的发育过程中，下层同步性得到加强，独立于整个视觉体验。然而，同步的特征选择性受视觉输入的调节，而无轮廓的输入则足以满足这种调节。因此，我们推测，上层的特征选择同步可能将视觉对象的详细信息传递给高阶皮层，而下层的弱特征选择同步可能将相当粗糙的视觉信息传递给皮层下区域或高阶皮层。视觉经验的一个主要作用可能是在高度特征选择性同步的基础上建立特定的神经回路。
Early visual experience is essential for the maturation of visual functions in which the primary visual cortex plays crucial roles. The extraction of visual features based on response selectivity of individual neurons, a fundamental process in the cortex, is basically established by eye opening in rodents, suggesting that visual experience is required for the development of neural functions other than feature extraction. Here, we show that synchronized firing, which is important for visual information processing, occurs selectively in adjacent neurons sharing similar orientation or spatial frequency preferences in layers 2-4 (upper layer) of rat visual cortex. This feature-selective spike synchrony was rudimentary when the eyes opened and became prominent during the first few weeks after eye opening only in the presence of pattern vision. In contrast, synchronization in layers 5-6 (lower layer) was almost independent of orientation similarity and more weakly dependent on spatial frequency similarity compared with upper layer synchrony. Lower layer synchronization was strengthened during development after eye opening independently of visual experience as a whole. However, the feature selectivity of synchronization was regulated by visual inputs, whereas the inputs without contours were sufficient for this regulation. Therefore, wespeculate that feature-selective synchronization in the upper layer may convey detailed information on visual objects to the higher-order cortex, whereas weakly feature-selective synchronization in the lower layer may covey rather rough visual information to the subcortical areas or higher-order cortex. A major role of visual experience may be to establish the specific neural circuits underlying highly feature-selective synchronization.