Food safety scare or reasonable risk : do drug residues limits affect international trade in beef?
Food safety scare or reasonable risk : do drug residues limits affect international trade in beef?
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食品安全恐慌或合理风险：药物残留限制是否会影响牛肉的国际贸易？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
John T. Wilson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
John T. Wilson
在过去的十年里，贸易中发生了许多备受瞩目的食品安全争端。其中包括美国和欧盟在世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization)就激素处理牛肉发生的广泛报道的争端。一些工业化国家的消费者也表达了对使用抗生素和其他人工补充剂生产的进口牛肉的担忧。发展中国家在如何解决争端以及如何制定标准所反映的风险与安全之间的平衡方面都受到重大影响。本文探讨了药品残留标准对牛肉贸易的影响，以及制定统一的国际食品安全标准的效果。我们发现，如果遵循Codex制定的抗生素国际标准，全球牛肉贸易将增加超过32亿美元。在其他发展中国家中，南非的出口将增加1.6亿美元，巴西将增加2亿美元，阿根廷将增加3亿美元以上。
There have been a number of high profile food safety disputes in trade over the past decade. These include the widely publicized dispute at the World Trade Organization between the U.S. and EU over hormone treated beef. Consumers in some industrialized countries have also expressed concern over imported beef produced with antibiotics and other artificial supplements. Developing countries are affected in a significant way in both how disputes are settled, as well as balance between risk and safety reflected in how standards are set. This paper examines the impact of drug residue standards on trade in beef and effect of setting harmonized international food safety standards. We find that if international standards set by Codex are followed in antibiotics, global trade in beef would rise by over $3.2 billion. Among other developing countries, South Africa's exports would rise by $160 million, Brazil's by $200 million, and Argentina's by over $300 million.