A network of grassroots reserves protects tropical river fish diversity
A network of grassroots reserves protects tropical river fish diversity
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草根保护区网络保护热带河鱼多样性
DOI：
10.1038/s41586-020-2944-y
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发表时间：
2020-11-25
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
McIntyre, Peter B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koning, Aaron A.;Perales, K. Martin;McIntyre, Peter B.
在泰国，社区管理的小型河流保护区网络增加了当地鱼类的生物量、多样性和丰富度，但密集捕鱼减少了全世界水生生态系统中的鱼类多样性和丰富度（1-3）。“禁止捕捞”海洋保护区已成为基于海洋生态系统的渔业管理的基石（4-6），当保护区设计促进附近保护区之间的协同作用时，保护区对邻近渔业的好处最大化（7、8）。这种海洋保护区网络模式对河流生物多样性和内陆渔业的适用性在很大程度上尚未得到检验。在这里，我们表明，在泰国的萨尔温江流域的23个独立的社区创建的储备显着增加鱼类的丰富度，密度和生物量相对于邻近地区。此外，在海洋生态系统保护区的成功的关键相关因素，特别是储备规模和执法预测河流保护区之间的生态效益的差异。在网络中占据中心位置会带来额外的收益，强调树枝状河流系统内连通性的重要性。鉴于这些储备很年轻（不到25年），而且是在没有正式协调的情况下产生的，基于网络的利益的出现是引人注目的。淡水生态系统在世界保护区中的代表性不足（9），我们的研究结果表明，小型社区保护区网络为保护生物多样性和增加渔业提供了一个可推广的模式，因为世界河流面临前所未有的压力（10，11）。
A network of small, community-run river reserves in Thailand increases local fish biomass, diversity and richness.Intensive fisheries have reduced fish biodiversity and abundance in aquatic ecosystems worldwide(1-3). 'No-take' marine reserves have become a cornerstone of marine ecosystem-based fisheries management(4-6), and their benefits for adjacent fisheries are maximized when reserve design fosters synergies among nearby reserves(7,8). The applicability of this marine reserve network paradigm to riverine biodiversity and inland fisheries remains largely untested. Here we show that reserves created by 23 separate communities in Thailand's Salween basin have markedly increased fish richness, density, and biomass relative to adjacent areas. Moreover, key correlates of the success of protected areas in marine ecosystems-particularly reserve size and enforcement-predict differences in ecological benefits among riverine reserves. Occupying a central position in the network confers additional gains, underscoring the importance of connectivity within dendritic river systems. The emergence of network-based benefits is remarkable given that these reserves are young (less than 25 years old) and arose without formal coordination. Freshwater ecosystems are under-represented among the world's protected areas(9), and our findings suggest that networks of small, community-based reserves offer a generalizable model for protecting biodiversity and augmenting fisheries as the world's rivers face unprecedented pressures(10,11).