Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1996, with a special section on lung cancer and tobacco smoking
Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1996, with a special section on lung cancer and tobacco smoking
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DOI：
10.1093/jnci/91.8.675
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发表时间：
1999-04-21
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Edwards, BK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wingo, PA;Ries, LAG;Edwards, BK
背景：美国癌症协会、国家癌症研究所(NCI)和疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)，包括国家卫生统计中心(NCHS)，向全国提供了第二份关于癌症预防和控制进展的年度报告，其中有一个专门关于肺癌和吸烟的章节。方法：年龄调整率(使用1970年美国标准人口)基于NCI的癌症发病率数据和NCHS汇编的潜在死因数据，吸烟流行率来自疾病预防控制中心的调查，报告的P值是双向的。结果：从1990年到1996年，所有地点的癌症发病率(每年-0.9%；P=.16)和癌症死亡率(每年-0.6%；P=.001)都有所下降。在10个主要癌症发病地点中，白血病和肺癌、结肠癌/直肠癌、膀胱癌、口腔和咽癌的发病率在男性中显著下降，除肺癌外，这些癌症的发病率在女性中也有所下降。在10个主要癌症死亡地点中，男性肺癌、女性乳腺癌、前列腺癌、男性胰腺癌和男性脑癌的癌症死亡率在统计上显著下降，无论男女，结肠癌/直肠癌和胃癌的死亡率都有显著下降。对肺癌的特定年龄分析显示，男性的发病率在较年轻时首先下降，然后随着时间的推移依次下降；女性的发病率似乎处于遵循相同模式的早期阶段，40-59岁的女性的发病率下降。结论：癌症发病率和死亡率的下降，特别是肺癌的下降，是令人鼓舞的。然而，除非最近青少年吸烟的上升趋势能够得到扭转，否则目前在美国正在下降的肺癌发病率可能会再次上升。
Background: The American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), including the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), provide the second annual report to the nation on progress in cancer prevention and control, with a special section on lung cancer and tobacco smoking. Methods: Age-adjusted rates (using the 1970 U.S. standard population) were based on cancer incidence data from NCI and underlying cause of death data compiled by NCHS, The prevalence of tobacco use was derived from CDC surveys, Reported P values are two-sided. Results: From 1990 through 1996, cancer incidence (-0.9% per year; P = .16) and cancer death (-0.6% per year; P = .001) rates for all sites combined decreased. Among the 10 leading cancer incidence sites, statistically significant decreases in incidence rates were seen in males for leukemia and cancers of the lung, colon/rectum, urinary bladder, and oral cavity and pharynx, Except for lung cancer, incidence rates for these cancers also declined in females. Among the 10 leading cancer mortality sites, statistically significant decreases in cancer death rates were seen for cancers of the male lung, female breast, the prostate, male pancreas, and male brain and, for both sexes, cancers of the colon/rectum and stomach. Age-specific analyses of lung cancer revealed that rates in males first declined at younger ages and then for each older age group successively over time; rates in females appeared to be in the early stages of following the same pattern, with rates decreasing for women aged 40-59 years. Conclusions: The declines in cancer incidence and death rates, particularly for lung cancer, are encouraging. However, unless recent upward trends in smoking among adolescents can be reversed, the lung cancer rates that are currently declining in the United States may rise again.