Control of aphids on wheat by generalist predators: effects of predator density and the presence of alternative prey

Control of aphids on wheat by generalist predators: effects of predator density and the presence of alternative prey
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通才捕食者对小麦上蚜虫的控制:捕食者密度和替代猎物存在的影响

DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00876.x
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发表时间:
2009
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Oelbermann
Oelbermann
中科院分区:
农林科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Oelbermann

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有证据表明多面手捕食者对害虫种群有积极和消极的影响,而这些截然不同的观察结果的各种原因仍在争论中。本文研究了一种通性捕食性天敌--灰豹蛛Pardosa lugubris(Walckenaer)(蜘蛛目:狼蛛科)对禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi(L.)(半翅目:蚜虫科;蜘蛛的食物质量低),及其宿主植物小麦,Triticumspec。(禾本科)。我们专注于蜘蛛密度的作用和替代猎物的可用性,果蝇melanogasterMeigen(双翅目:果蝇科;高食品质量)。蜘蛛的存在显着影响植物的性能和蚜虫生物量。替代猎物和蜘蛛密度强烈相互作用,影响蚜虫和植物。高蜘蛛密度显着提高植物的性能,但在低蜘蛛密度的植物受益于蜘蛛,特别是在替代猎物的存在。结果表明,多面手节肢动物捕食者可能成功地减少植物的损害草食动物。然而,它们控制猎物种群的能力随着捕食者营养的变化而变化,如果有替代的更高质量的猎物,它们对低质量猎物的控制能力就会增强。
There is evidence for both positive and negative effects of generalist predators on pest populations and the various reasons for these contrasting observations are under debate. We studied the influence of a generalist predator,Pardosa lugubris(Walckenaer) (Araneae: Lycosidae), on an aphid pest species,Rhopalosiphum padi(L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae; low food quality for the spider), and its host plant wheat,Triticumspec. (Poaceae). We focused on the role of spider density and the availability of alternative prey,Drosophila melanogasterMeigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae; high food quality). The presence of spiders significantly affected plant performance and aphid biomass. Alternative prey and spider density strongly interacted in affecting aphids and plants. High spider density significantly improved plant performance but also at low spider density plants benefited from spiders especially in the presence of alternative prey. The results suggest that generalist arthropod predators may successfully reduce plant damage by herbivores. However, their ability to control prey populations varies with predator nutrition, the control of low‐quality prey being enhanced if alternative higher‐quality prey is available.
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