A Time for Metabolism and Hormones-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1007/978-3-319-27069-2

发表时间：

2016

期刊：

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

文献类型：

作者：

P. Sassone-Corsi;Y. Christen

每天早上，我们从一夜的睡眠中醒来，每天我们按时吃饭，完成我们的正常程序，然后再次入睡。这种节律，即所谓的昼夜节律（circadian）--源自拉丁语circa diem（大约一天）--是人类各种生理功能的基础，包括睡眠-觉醒周期、体温、激素分泌、运动活动和进食行为。生物钟是一个高度保守的分子系统，它使生物体能够适应日常的变化，如昼夜循环和食物的供应。生物钟是生物体所有周期性功能的核心。生物钟是一个高度保守的分子系统，能够使生物体适应日常的变化，如昼夜循环和食物供应。哺乳动物大脑中控制昼夜节律的解剖结构由下丘脑前部的一个小区域组成，称为视交叉上核（SCN）。几十年来，这种“中央起搏器”被认为是生物体独特的生物钟。当外周组织也被发现含有在单细胞水平上自我维持的功能性昼夜节律振荡器时，这一教条受到了挑战。这一概念，再加上发现基因组的一个显着部分是由生物钟转录控制，说明昼夜节律控制必须在管理所有生物体的新陈代谢和生理学中发挥关键作用。这一概念最近通过代谢组学的研究得到了验证，代谢组学揭示了大部分代谢物在给定组织中振荡。近年来，在昼夜节律生物学领域取得了惊人的进展。这些已经吸引了许多领域的研究人员的兴趣，包括内分泌学，神经科学，癌症和行为。通过将昼夜节律观点整合到内分泌学和代谢领域，研究人员将能够揭示生物体如何科普环境变化和随后的稳态控制的许多尚未被怀疑的方面。

Each morning we wake up from a night of sleep, and each day we eat our regularly timed meals, go through our normal routines, and fall asleep again for another night. This rhythm, so-called circadian—after the Latin words circa diem (“about a day”)—underlies a wide variety of human physiological functions, including sleep–wake cycles, body temperature, hormone secretion, exercise activity, and feeding behavior. Circadian rhythms are remarkably conserved throughout evolution, and it is becoming commonly appreciated that circadian rhythms represent an exquisite example of systems biology.At the heart of all cyclic biological functions is the circadian clock, a highly conserved molecular system that enables organisms to adapt to common daily changes, such as the day–night cycle and food availability. The mammalian anatomical structure in the brain that governs circadian rhythms consists of a small area of the anterior hypothalamus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). For decades, this “central pacemaker” was thought to be the unique circadian clock of the organism. This dogma was challenged when peripheral tissues were also found to contain functional circadian oscillators that are self-sustained at the single cell level. This notion, together with the discovery that a remarkable fraction of the genome is transcriptionally controlled by the clock, illustrated that circadian control must play a key role in governing the metabolism and physiology of all organisms. This concept was recently validated by studies of the metabolome revealing that a large fraction of metabolites oscillate in a given tissue. Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the field of circadian biology. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields, including endocrinology, neurosciences, cancer, and behavior. By integrating a circadian view within the fields of endocrinology and metabolism, researchers will be able to reveal many, yet-unsuspected aspects of how organisms cope with changes in the environment and subsequent control of homeostasis.

A Time for Metabolism and Hormones

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