Arrested development: The effects of incarceration on the development of psychosocial maturity
Arrested development: The effects of incarceration on the development of psychosocial maturity
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579412000545
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Steinberg, Laurence
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dmitrieva, Julia;Monahan, Kathryn C.;Steinberg, Laurence
节制、洞察力和责任感的提高是青春期心理社会成熟的典型发展的一部分。现有的文献表明，心理社会成熟的发展过程中的社会背景的规范变化的影响，但很少有人知道如何非典型的情况下，如监禁，影响其发展。该研究调查了心理社会成熟度的发展如何受到监禁的影响，使用了对1，171名青少年男性进行的7年纵向研究的数据。我们比较了监禁在青少年设施中的影响，不同程度地关注监禁与康复（即，安全与住院治疗设施），并测试了设施质量和监禁年龄是否会缓和监禁对心理社会成熟度的影响。结果表明，监禁在一个安全的环境，而不是一个住宅治疗设施，是与短期的节制和责任下降。在住院治疗设施而不是安全环境中监禁的总时间对心理社会成熟度的发展轨迹产生了负面影响。监禁的年龄，而不是设施的质量，缓和最近监禁的影响：年长的青年更容易受到短期的负面影响，最近监禁在一个安全的环境，但他们也受益于短期的积极影响，监禁在住宅治疗环境比年轻的参与者。此外，那些认为自己的监禁环境不安全的年轻人表现出节制的下降。未来的研究和政策影响进行了讨论。
Improvements in temperance, perspective, and responsibility are a part of typical development of psychosocial maturity during adolescence. The existing literature suggests that the developmental course of psychosocial maturity is influenced by normative variations in social context, but little is known about how atypical contexts, such as incarceration, influence its development. The study investigates how the development of psychosocial maturity is affected by incarceration, using data from a 7-year longitudinal study of 1,171 adolescent males. We compared the effects of confinement in juvenile facilities with varying degrees of focus on incarceration versus rehabilitation (i.e., secure vs. residential treatment facilities) and tested whether facility quality and age at incarceration moderate the effect of incarceration on psychosocial maturity. The results indicate that incarceration in a secure setting, but not a residential treatment facility, is associated with a short-term decline in temperance and responsibility. The total amount of time incarcerated in a residential treatment facility, but not a secure setting, had a negative effect on the developmental trajectory of psychosocial maturity. Age at incarceration, but not the facility quality, moderated the effect of recent incarceration: older youths were more susceptible to short-term negative effects of recent incarceration in a secure setting, but they also benefited more than younger participants from short-term positive effects of incarceration in a residential treatment setting. Furthermore, youths who perceived their incarceration setting as unsafe evinced a decline in temperance. Future research and policy implications are discussed.