A Comparison of Energy Reserves during Autumnal and Vernal Migratory Periods in the White‐Crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii
A Comparison of Energy Reserves during Autumnal and Vernal Migratory Periods in the White‐Crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii
复制标题
白冠麻雀 Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii 秋季和春季迁徙期间能量储备的比较
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1963
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Farner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. King;S. Barker;D. Farner
虽然秋季迁徙的生理学受到的关注远低于春季迁徙，但很明显，由于正能量平衡的发展，秋季迁徙在热量上也是可能的。在迁徙前和迁徙期间，这种积极的能量平衡可能反映在脂肪储备的积累上。在相当多的物种中观察到这种秋季脂肪沉积（例如，参见Wachs 1926; Zedlitz 1926; Groebbels 1930;默克尔1938，1958; Wallgren 1954; Rautenberg 1957; Odum 1960; Blyumyental 1960; Dolnik 1960）。最广泛的数据来自于在墨西哥湾附近的格鲁吉亚的一座电视塔上被杀死的一系列鸟类（Odum 1960; Odum等人1961）;在这些鸟类中，白颈带毛虫的脂肪含量约占总体重的6%，白颈带毛虫不会进一步向南迁移，而象牙长颈蚁、橄榄皮兰加和红皮兰加的脂肪含量则为33-52%，它们会继续向南美洲迁移。一个移民在特定时间的脂肪储备是许多变量的函数。其中必须包括迁徙飞行期间的能量消耗率，单次不间断迁徙飞行的长度和持续时间，一天中捕获鸟类的时间，最近一次迁徙飞行后所经过的时间，以及代谢脂肪的补充率。几年来，我们积累了数据的体重和脂肪含量的白冠麻雀，Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii，在秋季迁移。这些数据表明，秋季候鸟的能量储备通常小于春季迁徙前和迁徙内的能量储备（McGreal和Farner，1956; King和Farner，1959; Farner等人，1961），这些较小的能量储备与秋季迁徙更悠闲的进展是一致的。春季和秋季迁徙的另一个区别在于控制新陈代谢和能量摄入的变化，这导致了增肥。在春天，这个物种的正能量平衡主要是由于
Although the physiology of autumnal migration has received substantially less attention than that of vernal migration, it is obvious that it also becomes possible calorically because of the development of a positive energy balance. During the premigratory and intramigratory periods this positive energy balance may be reflected in the accumulation of fat reserves. Such deposition of fat in autumn has been observed in a considerable number of species (see, for example, Wachs 1926; Zedlitz 1926; Groebbels 1930; Merkel 1938, 1958; Wallgren 1954; Rautenberg 1957; Odum 1960; Blyumyental 1960; Dolnik 1960). The most extensive data are from a series of birds killed at a television tower in Georgia near the Gulf of Mexico (Odum 1960; Odum et al. 1961); in these, the fat varied from about 6% of total body weight for Zonotrichia albicollis, which does not migrate farther south, to 33-52% for Dolichonyx ory ivorus, Piranga olivacea, and Piranga rubra, which migrate on into South America. The fat reserve of a migrant at a given time is a function of many variables. Among these must be the rate of energy expenditure during migratory flight, the length and duration of single uninterrupted migratory flights, the time of day at which the bird is taken, the time elapsed after the latest migratory flight, and the rate of replenishment of metabolized fat. For several years we have accumulated data on the body weight and fat content of the whitecrowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii, during fall migration. These data suggest that the energy reserves of fall migrants are generally smaller than those of the vernal premigratory and intramigratory periods (McGreal and Farner 1956; King and Farner 1959; Farner et al. 1961), and that these smaller reserves are consistent with the more leisurely progress of fall migration. An additional difference between spring and fall migration lies in the control of changes in metabolism and energy intake which result in fattening. In spring, the positive energy balance in this species is primarily the result of a