Expanding stress theory: Prolonged activation and perseverative cognition
Expanding stress theory: Prolonged activation and perseverative cognition
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DOI：
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.04.008
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发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Thayer, JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brosschot, JF;Pieper, S;Thayer, JF
关于压力和疾病联系的几种理论现在已经包含了长时间的激活。本文认为，这些理论仍然抓住了一个重要的因素，即导致压力反应持续的机制的认知本质。对压力的感知和最初的反应并不会自动导致长时间的激活。应激源的主动认知表征需要延长，以延长它们的生理伴随。我们称这一中介过程为持之以恒的认知，它表现在担忧、沉思和预期压力等现象中。我们总结的证据表明，这些现象确实与生理激活有关，包括心血管、内分泌和免疫学参数。这一证据仍然远远不够，因为所涉及的研究中存在许多方法上的不足。然而，研究表明，以持之以恒认知为特征的认知现象可能是应激源对躯体疾病影响的可能中介因素。我们还认为，缺乏证据支持长时间激活的作用。有为数不多的研究表明，长时间的活动与压力源和情绪发作有关，而且它们的方法往往不能得出明确的结论。更重要的是，长时间激活实际上会导致致病状态和疾病这一关键假设几乎没有得到任何关注，因此在很大程度上仍然没有得到支持。只有少数几项研究表明，预期反应和从压力中恢复缓慢预示着疾病状态。(C)2005爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Several theories of the stress-disease link have now incorporated prolonged activation. This article argues that these theories stilt tack an important element, that is, the cognitive nature of the mechanism that causes stress responses to be sustained. The perception of stress and the initial response to it do not automatically lead to prolonged activation. The active cognitive representations of stressors need to be prolonged in order to extend their physiological concomitants. We call this mediating process perseverative cognition, and it is manifested in phenomena such as worry, rumination, and anticipatory stress. We summarize evidence suggesting that these phenomena are indeed associated with physiological activation, including cardiovascular, endocrinological and immunological parameters. This evidence is stilt far from sufficient, due to the many methodological insufficiencies in the studies involved. Nevertheless, it makes clear that cognitive phenomena characterized by perseverative cognition may be likely candidates to mediate the effects of stress sources on somatic disease.We also argue that there is a dearth of evidence supporting the role of prolonged activation. There are a limited number of studies demonstrating prolonged activity related to stressors and emotional episodes, and their methodologies often do not allow unambiguous conclusions. Even more important, the crucial assumption that prolonged activation actually leads to pathogenic states and disease has received hardly any attention yet and therefore is stilt largely unsupported. There are only a few studies that showed that anticipatory responses and slow recovery from stress predicted disease states. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.