"We used to get food from the garden." Understanding changing practices of local food production and consumption in small island states
"We used to get food from the garden." Understanding changing practices of local food production and consumption in small island states
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114214
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发表时间：
2021-07-15
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Unwin, Nigel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guell, Cornelia;Brown, Catherine R.;Unwin, Nigel
许多小岛屿发展中国家在肥胖和非传染性慢性病方面居全球首位。造成这种情况的驱动因素很复杂，包括缺乏粮食主权，这表现在越来越依赖廉价的营养不良的粮食进口，以及许多地方农业侧重于出口导向的经济作物生产。为了更好地宣传小岛屿发展中国家通过增加当地粮食生产改善营养的政策目标，我们在两个小岛屿发展中国家探讨了目前的粮食生产和消费做法。来自该区域两所主要大学的研究人员小组在太平洋的斐济和加勒比的圣文森特和格林纳丁斯与社会经济或土地拥有状况不同的农村和城市社区进行了28个重点小组的讨论。在这两个国家，家庭菜园仍然很普遍，被视为家庭的主食，有助于健康和生计。然而，在人的一生中和几代人之间都经历了社会变化，例如增加购买食品，消费加工食品和经常进口的食品，以及快餐。虽然参与者认为当地食品比进口食品具有更好的营养和健康结果，但一些当地食品也被认为是不健康的（例如当地生产的罐头产品，农药污染的新鲜农产品）。最后，随着食品和相关健康建议在全球范围内跨越国界，通过正式和非正式渠道传播，当地的经验可能会令人困惑和有争议。我们认为，需要了解社会实践的时间和空间方面，因为社会实践及其意义随着时间的推移而变化，在全球范围内旅行，并在当地体验。为了加强和支持重新定位食品，以抵制超加工，商店购买，通常是进口食品的不健康消费，了解这些变化的生活经历和由此产生的不确定性至关重要，并明确建立在人们继续表达关于家庭花园和当地食品的长期积极关系上。
Many Small Island Developing States (SIDS) lead global rates in obesity and non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Drivers for this are complex and include lack of food sovereignty, evidenced by an increasing reliance on cheap nutrient-poor food imports and a focus on export orientated cash crop production for much local agriculture. To better inform SIDS' policy goals of improving nutrition through increased local food production, we explored in two SIDS current practices of food production and consumption. Teams of researchers from the two main regional universities conducted 28 focus groups in Fiji in the Pacific and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in the Caribbean with rural and urban communities of different socio-economic or land-owning status. In both countries home gardens were still common, valued as providing staple foods to households and contributing to health and livelihoods. Yet social changes had been experienced over the life course and across generations, such as increased purchase of foods, consumption of processed and often imported foods, and fast foods. While participants associated local foods with better nutrition and health outcomes than imported foods, some local foods were also acknowledged as unhealthy (e.g. locally produced tinned products, pesticide contaminated fresh produce). Finally, as food and related health advice moves globally, crossing national boundaries, and through formal and informal channels, local experiences can be confusing and contested. We suggest the need to understand temporal and spatial aspects of social practices, as social practices and their meaning change over time, travel globally and are experienced locally. To enhance and support re-localising food to counteract unhealthy consumption of ultra-processed, shop-bought, often imported foods, it is vital to understand these lived experiences of changes and resulting uncertainties, and to explicitly build on the longstanding positive relationships that people continue to express about home gardens and local food.