Health and disease at a South Carolina plantation: 1840-1870.
Health and disease at a South Carolina plantation: 1840-1870.
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南卡罗来纳州种植园的健康与疾病：1840-1870 年。
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.1330740211
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发表时间：
1987
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Rathbun,TA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rathbun,TA
在南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿附近的一个墓地搬迁中，对36具人类骨骼（8具亚成人，13具男性，15具女性）进行了分析，为19世纪非裔美国人的健康和疾病样本提供了数据。这些墓葬大多建于1840年至1870年。骨骼分析证实了一些历史解释。死亡率的性别差异很明显，男性平均死亡年龄为35岁，女性为40岁。女性除了寿命更长之外，牙齿缺失和龋齿较多，但脓肿较少。线性牙釉质发育不全表明男女均表现出童年代谢应激。然而，男性的发病率（92%）高于女性（70%）。女性发病年龄分布更为广泛，但2-4岁是男女发病最关键的年龄。急性应激后恢复的颅后指征，Harris线，男性（45%）比女性（18%）更常见。贫血，可能是遗传性的，也可能是后天的，对男女来说都是一个重大的健康问题。35%的成人颅骨出现眶嵴，80%的亚成人颅骨有眼眶病变。颅拱顶的扩张和感染在样本中相对常见。69%的雄性、60%的雌性和80%的亚成虫对感染有骨骼反应。与高强度体力劳动相关的骨骼变化无处不在。肩关节和髋关节尤其容易发生退行性改变，颈椎常表现为骨赘病，男性多表现为Schmorl疝和尺旋肌嵴肥大。骨骼微量元素表明铅暴露相对较高，锶浓度表明饮食中植物性食物较多，锌和铜浓度相对较低。
The analysis of 36 human skeletons (eight subadults, 13 males, 15 females) recovered during a cemetery relocation near Charleston, SC, provides data on health and disease for a 19th‐century sample of Afro‐Americans. The majority of the burials date from 1840–1870. Skeletal analysis verified some historical interpretations.Gender differential in mortality is evident with average age at death for males 35 and females 40 years. Females, besides living longer, had more missing and carious teeth but fewer abscesses. Both genders expressed childhood metabolic stress as indicated by linear enamel hypoplasias. Males, however, had a higher incidence (92%) than did females (70%). Age at occurrence was more widely distributed for females, but ages 2–4 were most critical for both genders. Postcranial indications of recovery from acute stress, Harris lines, occurred more frequently for males (45%) than for females (18%).Anemia, probably both genetic and acquired, was a significant health problem for both genders. Cribra orbitalia appeared in 35% of the adult crania, and 80% of the subadults had orbital lesions. Diplotic expansion of the cranial vault and infection were relatively common in the sample. Skeletal reaction to infections appeared in 69% of the males, 60% of the females, and 80% of the subadults.Skeletal changes associated with demanding physical labor were ubiquitous. The shoulder and hip were especially affected by degenerative changes, the cervical vertebrae frequently expressed osteophytosis, and males show a preponderance of Schmorl herniations and hypertrophy of the ulnar supinator crest.Skeletal trace elements indicate a relatively high exposure to lead, strontium concentrations indicative of a diet high in plant foods, and relatively low zinc and copper concentrations.