Evidence for broad versus segregated projections from cholinergic and noradrenergic nuclei to functionally and anatomically discrete subregions of prefrontal cortex
Evidence for broad versus segregated projections from cholinergic and noradrenergic nuclei to functionally and anatomically discrete subregions of prefrontal cortex
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00020
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发表时间：
2012-05-21
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Waterhouse, Barry D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chandler, Daniel;Waterhouse, Barry D.
前额叶皮层（PFC）与各种认知和执行操作有关。然而，这个区域不是一个单一的功能单位;相反，它由几个功能和解剖学上不同的网络组成，包括前扣带皮层（ACC），内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC）和眶额皮层（OFC）。这些前额叶亚区提供可分离的行为功能，并且在传入和传出连接中是独特的。这些亚区中的每一个都受上行胆碱能和去甲肾上腺素能系统的支配，其中每一个在认知功能中同样具有不同的作用;然而，这些通路的源核中细胞的分布和投射模式尚未被详细研究。在这项研究中，荧光逆行示踪剂被注入ACC，mPFC，和OFC，标记细胞被确定在Meynert基底核（NBM）和去甲肾上腺素能核蓝斑（LC）。注射到所有三个皮质区域一致标记的细胞主要是同侧注射部位与最小的对侧组件。在NBM中，逆行标记的神经元分散在整个吻侧的一半的核，而那些在LC倾向于集群在核的核心，很少局限于吻侧或尾极。在NBM中，超过一半的逆行标记细胞具有轴突侧支投射两个或更多个PFC亚区。然而，在LC中，只有4.3%的逆行标记的神经元具有同时针对任何两个前额叶亚区的侧支，并且没有细胞被识别为投射到所有三个区域。在所有标记的LC神经元中，49.3%只投射到mPFC，28.5%只投射到OFC，18.0%只投射到ACC。这些结果表明，LC神经元的子集可能能够独立地调节单个前额叶亚区的神经元活动，而NBM细胞的组装可能会对这三个区域产生更统一的影响，同时。这项工作强调了独特的方面的胆碱能和去甲肾上腺素能预测PFC的功能和解剖学上不同的子区域，并提供有关全球与隔离调节这些神经调节通路的前额叶操作的见解。
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in a variety of cognitive and executive operations. However, this region is not a single functional unit; rather, it is composed of several functionally and anatomically distinct networks, including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). These prefrontal subregions serve dissociable behavioral functions, and are unique in their afferent and efferent connections. Each of these subregions is innervated by ascending cholinergic and noradrenergic systems, each of which likewise has a distinct role in cognitive function; yet the distribution and projection patterns of cells in the source nuclei for these pathways have not been examined in great detail. In this study, fluorescent retrograde tracers were injected into ACC, mPFC, and OFC, and labeled cells were identified in the cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) and noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus (LC). Injections into all three cortical regions consistently labeled cells primarily ipsilateral to the injection site with a minimal contralateral component. In NBM, retrogradely labeled neurons were scattered throughout the rostral half of the nucleus, whereas those in LC tended to cluster in the core of the nucleus, and were rarely localized within the rostral or caudal poles. In NBM, more than half of all retrogradely labeled cells possessed axon collaterals projecting two or more PFC subregions. In LC, however, only 4.3% of retrogradely labeled neurons possessed collaterals targeting any two prefrontal subregions simultaneously, and no cells were identified that projected to all three regions. Of all labeled LC neurons, 49.3% projected only to mPFC, 28.5% projected only to OFC, and 18.0% projected only to ACC. These findings suggest that subsets of LC neurons may be capable of modulating neuronal activity in individual prefrontal subregions independently, whereas assemblies of NBM cells may exert a more unified influence on the three areas, simultaneously. This work emphasizes unique aspects of the cholinergic and noradrenergic projections to functionally and anatomically distinct subregions of PFC and provides insights regarding global versus segregated regulation of prefrontal operations by these neuromodulatory pathways.