A History of Solar Activity over Millennia
A History of Solar Activity over Millennia
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DOI：
10.12942/lrsp-2013-1
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发表时间：
2008-10
影响因子：
20.9
通讯作者：
I. Usoskin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Usoskin
这里提出的是一个审查目前的知识，太阳活动的长期行为的一个多千年的时间尺度上，重建使用间接代理方法。讨论太阳活动的概念，沿着概述了用于量化太阳活动不同方面的特殊指标，特别强调太阳黑子数量。在长时间尺度上，关于过去太阳活动的定量信息只能使用基于间接代理的方法获得，例如自然分层档案中的宇宙成因同位素14 C和10 Be（例如，树木年轮或冰芯）。我们给出了一个基于代理的方法，过去的太阳活动重建千年的发展历史概述，以及现代状态的描述。特别注意重建的验证和交叉校准。认为这种宇宙成因同位素方法为研究过去长时间尺度上的太阳变率奠定了坚实的基础（数百年至数千年）在全新世。一个单独的部分是致力于重建强太阳能量粒子（SEP）事件在过去，这表明，目前的平均SEP通量是大致一致的估计较长的时间尺度，最后，总结了太阳磁活动长期演化的主要特征，包括巨极小和巨极大发生的统计特征，并讨论了它们对太阳/恒星发电机理论的可能意义。
Presented here is a review of present knowledge of the long-term behavior of solar activity on a multi-millennial timescale, as reconstructed using the indirect proxy method. The concept of solar activity is discussed along with an overview of the special indices used to quantify different aspects of variable solar activity, with special emphasis upon sunspot number.Over long timescales, quantitative information about past solar activity can only be obtained using a method based upon indirect proxies, such as the cosmogenic isotopes 14C and 10Be in natural stratified archives (e.g., tree rings or ice cores). We give an historical overview of the development of the proxy-based method for past solar-activity reconstruction over millennia, as well as a description of the modern state. Special attention is paid to the verification and cross-calibration of reconstructions. It is argued that this method of cosmogenic isotopes makes a solid basis for studies of solar variability in the past on a long timescale (centuries to millennia) during the Holocene.A separate section is devoted to reconstructions of strong solar energetic-particle (SEP) events in the past, that suggest that the present-day average SEP flux is broadly consistent with estimates on longer timescales, and that the occurrence of extra-strong events is unlikely.Finally, the main features of the long-term evolution of solar magnetic activity, including the statistics of grand minima and maxima occurrence, are summarized and their possible implications, especially for solar/stellar dynamo theory, are discussed.