Mediterranean extreme floods and flash floods
Mediterranean extreme floods and flash floods
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地中海极端洪水和山洪
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Diakakis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Gaume;M. Borga;Maria Carmen Llassat;S. Maouche;M. Lang;M. Diakakis
地中海地区特别容易遭受山洪暴发。洪水是与天气有关的灾害，其模式可能会受到气候变化的重大影响。洪水已经是世界上最频繁、最昂贵和最致命的自然灾害之一(慕尼黑RE，NatCAT服务；瑞士RE，2015)。地中海地区也是如此。例如，emdat国际灾害数据库(http://www.emdat.be/))列出了自1900年以来地中海周边国家与各种灾害有关的2,000亿欧元损失，其中850亿欧元与河流洪水有关。灾难性的山洪暴发1在地中海区域的某些地区比在欧洲其他地区更为频繁(Gaume等人。2009年；Llassat等人。2010)。这是由于当地的气候，容易出现短暂的强降雨。地中海周围的地貌迫使低层大气气流汇合，并使从地中海漂移到海岸的暖湿气团上升，从而产生活跃的对流。此外，地中海沿岸的人口增长特别快，导致城市住区和遭受洪灾的人口迅速增加。
The Mediterranean area is particularly exposed to flash floods. Floods are weather-related hazards and their patterns are likely to be significantly affected by climate change. Floods are already the most frequent and among the costliest and deadliest natural disasters worldwide (Munich RE, NatCat Service; Swiss RE, 2015). This is also true in the Mediterranean area. The EMDAT international disaster database (http://www.emdat.be/) lists for instance 200 billion Euros damages related to various disasters since 1900 in the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, out of which 85 billion are related to river flooding. Disastrous flash-floods1 are much more frequent in some parts of the Mediterranean region than in the rest of Europe (Gaume et al. 2009; Llassat et al. 2010). This is due to the local climate, which is prone to short intense bursts of rainfall. The reliefs surrounding the Mediterranean Sea force the convergence of low-level atmospheric flows and the uplift of warm wet air masses that drift from the Mediterranean Sea to the coasts, thereby creating active convection. In addition, population growth is particularly high along the Mediterranean coasts, leading to a rapid increase in urban settlements and populations exposed to flooding.