Cavity QED with a Bose-Einstein condensate
Cavity QED with a Bose-Einstein condensate
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DOI：
10.1038/nature06120
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发表时间：
2007-11-08
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Esslinger, Tilman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brennecke, Ferdinand;Donner, Tobias;Esslinger, Tilman
腔量子电动力学描述了物质与谐振器结构中的电磁场之间的相干相互作用，为发展量子信息处理的概念提供了有用的平台。通过使用高质量的谐振器，可以在实验上达到强耦合区域，在该区域中，原子在耗散开始之前与单个光场模式多次相干交换光子。这导致了对微波(2，3)和光学谐振器(4)的基础研究。为了应对量子态工程(5)和量子信息处理带来的挑战，最近的实验集中在激光冷却和原子在光学腔内的捕获(6-8)。然而，到目前为止，利用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚实现的对原子气体的极大程度控制还没有用于腔QED。在这里，我们实现了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体与超高精细光腔的量子化场的强耦合，并给出了它的本征能谱的测量。这是一种全新的腔QED机制，其中所有原子占据物质波场的单模，并与光场完全耦合，共享单一激发。这打开了从量子通信(10-12)到大量新现象的可能性，这些现象可以在具有腔中介相互作用的量子气体的多体物理中预期(13，14)。
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) describes the coherent interaction between matter and an electromagnetic field confined within a resonator structure, and is providing a useful platform for developing concepts in quantum information processing(1). By using high-quality resonators, a strong coupling regime can be reached experimentally in which atoms coherently exchange a photon with a single light-field mode many times before dissipation sets in. This has led to fundamental studies with both microwave(2,3) and optical resonators(4). To meet the challenges posed by quantum state engineering(5) and quantum information processing, recent experiments have focused on laser cooling and trapping of atoms inside an optical cavity(6-8). However, the tremendous degree of control over atomic gases achieved with Bose-Einstein condensation(9) has so far not been used for cavity QED. Here we achieve the strong coupling of a Bose-Einstein condensate to the quantized field of an ultrahigh-finesse optical cavity and present a measurement of its eigenenergy spectrum. This is a conceptually new regime of cavity QED, in which all atoms occupy a single mode of a matter-wave field and couple identically to the light field, sharing a single excitation. This opens possibilities ranging from quantum communication(10-12) to a wealth of new phenomena that can be expected in the many-body physics of quantum gases with cavity-mediated interactions(13,14).