On the encoding capacity of human motor adaptation.
On the encoding capacity of human motor adaptation.
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关于人类运动适应的编码能力。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00593.2020
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Kim S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim S
运动学习的原始模型表明，通过调整运动原始的反应来适应。基于这一思想，我们认为运动技能学习是一个信息编码过程，也就是将运动技能编码成基元的过程。编码的能力是由招募的基元的数量决定的，这取决于运动“访问”了多少基元，这导致了一个相当违反直觉的预测，即涉及大量运动基元的更快的运动允许学习更复杂的运动技能。在这里，我们提供了一组实验结果，支持这一假设。首先，我们证明了学习只发生在运动中，也就是说，只有非零的编码能力。当参与者被要求抵消施加在机器人手柄上的旋转力时，他们在保持静态姿势时无法做到这一点，但在进行小的圆周运动时能够适应。我们的第二个实验进一步研究了运动速度对适应的影响。在适应简单（低信息量）力场时，快速（高容量）运动并不比慢速（低容量）运动更有优势。然而，对于一个复杂的（高信息含量）力场，快速运动表现出明显的优势，慢运动。我们最后的实验证实，观察到的高速运动的好处只受到机械因素的微弱影响。总之，我们的研究结果表明，编码能力是一个真正的限制因素，人类运动adaptation.NEW &值得注意的是，我们提出了一个新的概念，称为“编码能力”的运动适应，它描述了一个固有的限制因素，我们的大脑的能力，学习新的运动技能，就像任何其他存储系统。通过重新解释现有的基于连续性的运动学习模型，我们假设编码能力是由运动的大小决定的，并提出了一组实验证据表明，这种限制作用的编码能力确实存在于人类的运动适应。
Primitive-based models of motor learning suggest that adaptation occurs by tuning the responses of motor primitives. Based on this idea, we consider motor learning as an information encoding procedure, that is, a procedure of encoding a motor skill into primitives. The capacity of encoding is determined by the number of recruited primitives, which depends on how many primitives are “visited” by the movement, and this leads to a rather counterintuitive prediction that faster movement, where a larger number of motor primitives are involved, allows learning more complicated motor skills. Here, we provide a set of experimental results that support this hypothesis. First, we show that learning occurs only with movement, that is, only with nonzero encoding capacity. When participants were asked to counteract a rotating force applied to a robotic handle, they were unable to do so when maintaining a static posture but were able to adapt when making small circular movements. Our second experiment further investigated how adaptation is affected by movement speed. When adapting to a simple (low-information-content) force field, fast (high-capacity) movement did not have an advantage over slow (low-capacity) movement. However, for a complex (high-information-content) force field, the fast movement showed a significant advantage over slow movement. Our final experiment confirmed that the observed benefit of high-speed movement is only weakly affected by mechanical factors. Taken together, our results suggest that the encoding capacity is a genuine limiting factor of human motor adaptation.NEW & NOTEWORTHYWe propose a novel concept called “encoding capacity” of motor adaptation, which describes an inherent limiting-factor of our brain’s ability to learn new motor skills, just like any other storage system. By reinterpreting the existing primitive-based models of motor learning, we hypothesize that the encoding capacity is determined by the size of the movement, and present a set of experimental evidence suggesting that such limiting effect of encoding capacity does exist in human motor adaptation.
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Mussa-Ivaldi, FA
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