New Rules on Dual Nationality for a Democratizing Globe: Between Rejection and Embrace
New Rules on Dual Nationality for a Democratizing Globe: Between Rejection and Embrace
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民主化全球的双重国籍新规则：拒绝与拥抱之间
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发表时间：
2001
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通讯作者：
D. Martin
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作者：
D. Martin
近年来，在欧洲和北美，关于双重国籍的争论越来越多。国际法对双重国籍的传统反对在一些政府领域有所软化，包括墨西哥1998年的宪法修正案，允许甚至鼓励其外籍人士的双重国籍，以及德国更温和的修正案，允许一些在那里出生的第二代移民子女拥有双重国籍。学术写作倾向于支持这一趋势，甚至支持更强烈地接受双重国籍，但一些作者仍然强烈反对这种做法。本文探讨了这两个阵营的论点，发现赞同者的情况下，但强调限制的原则和资格往往被忽视的支持者的同情。本着这种精神，它审查了支持者案例中的以下因素：全球化;和平;忠诚、身份和国家利益的复杂性;人权;民主化。它还考虑了其他相关因素：依恋情感（忠诚、爱国主义、团结）;作为公民身份标志的平等;移居国外的权利;宣誓和仪式。最后一节借鉴前面的分析，为一个更能接受双重国籍的地球仪勾画出一套试探性的新规则。只要有关个人或家庭与国籍国保持真正的联系，国家就应继续这种接受的趋势，但不一定要促进这种联系，移居国外（个人选择拒绝双重国籍）是一项权利，不应受到阻碍。义务和权利应主要与居住国有关，最有争议的是，双重国籍者在任何一个选举周期中只能投票一次，通常是在居住国投票。最后，那些身居高位的人应该放弃其他国籍。
Debate over dual nationality has increased in both Europe and North America in recent years. International law's classic opposition to dual nationality has softened in some governmental quarters, including Mexico's 1998 constitutional amendment to permit and even foster dual nationality on the part of its expatriates, and Germany's more modest amendments to allow dual citizenship for some second-generation immigrant children born there. Academic writing has tended to support this trend, and even to endorse a much stronger embrace of dual nationality, but some writers still oppose the practice vehemently. This article examines the arguments of both camps, finding sympathy with the endorser's case but emphasizing limiting principles and qualifications often overlooked by the proponents. In this spirit it examines the following elements in the endorsers' case: globalization; peace; the complexity of loyalties, identities and national interests; human rights; democratization. It also considers other relevant factors: sentiments of attachment (loyalty, patriotism, solidarity); the equality that has been a hallmark of citizenship; the right to expatriate; oath and ceremony. The final section draws on the preceding analysis to sketch out a tentative set of new rules for a globe that is more accepting of dual nationality. States should continue this trend of acceptance as long as the person or family maintains a genuine link with the country of nationality, but should not necessarily promote it. Expatriation (an individual's choice to reject dual nationality) is a right and should not be obstructed. Obligations and rights should relate primarily to the country of residence, and, most controversially, a dual national should vote only once in any given electoral cycle, ordinarily in the country of residence. Finally, those who assume high office should surrender other nationalities.