A stochastic simulation model for evaluating the concept of patch spraying
A stochastic simulation model for evaluating the concept of patch spraying
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-3180.1998.00108.x
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Howard, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paice, MER;Day, W;Howard, A
“补丁”喷洒的长期经济效益可能与目标杂草的初始空间分布、物种的人口统计学特征以及杂草控制和作物饲养做法有关。本文描述了一个随机模拟模型，研究杂草种子扩散和补丁喷洒之间的相互作用。模拟杂草植物和种子种群的产生和比较，从现场观察的数据。利用Lloyd的斑块指数来量化杂草密度分布的斑块性，并利用负二项分布的参数k来度量分布形状。提出了一种评价杂草聚集空间尺度的方法。其中，使用离散二维傅立叶变换将空间杂草密度信息变换到频域。在本文中，我们模拟“开/关”补丁喷洒（全或零除草剂施用率）。定量分析了喷雾器分辨率和杂草种子散布范围对除草剂减少和产量效益的影响，从补丁喷洒3个初始空间种子库分布。以大穗看麦娘为研究对象，对模型进行参数化。除草剂在方形区域内施用（其大小由喷雾器的空间分辨率确定），其中平均杂草密度大于或等于一株m（-2）。对于一个符合此规范的系统，我们表明，对于控制A。因此，如果防治面积大于6 mx6 m，则从长远来看，贴片喷洒不太可能有利可图。在某些情况下，可能需要更高的分辨率。
The long-term economic benefits of 'patch' spraying are likely to be related to the initial spatial distribution of the target weeds, the demographic characteristics of the species and the weed control and crop husbandry practices to which they are subjected. This paper describes a stochastic simulation model developed to investigate the interaction between weed seed dispersal and patch spraying. Simulated weed plant and seed populations are generated and compared with data from field observations. Lloyd's Patchiness index is used to quantify the patchiness of the weed density distribution, and the parameter k of the negative binomial distribution is used as a measure of distribution shape. A method of assessing the spatial scale of weed aggregation is proposed. in which spatial weed density information is transformed into the frequency domain, using a discrete two-dimensional Fourier transform. In this paper, we simulate 'on/off' patch spraying (full or zero herbicide application rate). A quantitative analysis of the effects of sprayer resolution and weed seed dispersal range on the herbicide reduction and yield benefits from patch spraying is performed for three initial spatial seedbank distributions. The model is parameterized for the grass weed Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. Herbicide is applied in square areas (whose size is defined by the spatial resolution of the sprayer) in which mean weed density is greater than or equal to one plant m(-2). For a system conforming to this specification we show that for the control of A. myosuroides, it is unlikely that patch spraying would be profitable in the long term if the control area is larger than 6 m x 6 m. In some circumstances higher resolution may be required.