The international at-sea intercomparison of fCO2 systems during the R/V Meteor Cruise 36/1 in the North Atlantic Ocean
The international at-sea intercomparison of fCO2 systems during the R/V Meteor Cruise 36/1 in the North Atlantic Ocean
复制标题
北大西洋 R/V 流星巡航 36/1 期间 fCO2 系统的国际海上比对
DOI：
10.1016/s0304-4203(00)00080-3
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
G. Eischeid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Körtzinger;L. Mintrop;L. Mintrop;D. Wallace;K. Johnson;K. Johnson;C. Neill;B. Tilbrook;P. Towler;H. Inoue;M. Ishii;G. Shaffer;Rodrigo F. Torres Saavedra;E. Ohtaki;E. Yamashita;A. Poisson;C. Brunet;B. Schauer;C. Goyet;G. Eischeid
“fco2系统国际比较演习”是在1996年由英国百慕达至西班牙大加那利岛的第36/1号R/V流星巡航期间进行的。来自6个国家（澳大利亚、丹麦、法国、德国、日本和美国）的9个小组参加了这次演习，共有15名参与者参与了7个正在进行的二氧化碳逸出度系统、1个离散的二氧化碳逸出度系统、2个正在进行的pH值系统，以及用于总碱度和总溶解无机碳的离散测量系统。在这里，我们比较了所有参与仪器同步测量的表层海水二氧化碳含量。提供了一个共同的基础设施（海水和校准气体供应），不同的质量检查（二氧化碳校准程序的性能，温度测量）和计算最终fco2的共同程序，以最大限度地减少可控误差来源。结果表明，在此条件下，通过各种可能的平衡器和系统设计，可以对海水表面和上覆空气中的fco2进行高度一致（±1 μatm）的测量。此外，离散fco2测量可以与正在进行的fco2数据集很好地一致（±3 μatm）。然而，即使是设计良好的系统，在没有任何明显故障迹象的情况下，也会显示出10 μatm数量级的显著差异。根据我们的结果，对于fco2系统的可实现精度，没有“最佳选择”的平衡器类型，也没有具体的尺寸和海水和空气的流速。平衡器温度的测量似乎没有达到所需的精度，导致fco2结果的显着误差。通过高质量的总溶解无机碳（CT）和总碱度（AT）测量计算fco2的结果在准确性和精密度上无法与fco2测量结果相比较。
The ‘International Intercomparison Exercise of fCO2Systems’ was carried out in 1996 during the R/V Meteor Cruise 36/1 from Bermuda/UK to Gran Canaria/Spain. Nine groups from six countries (Australia, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, USA) participated in this exercise, bringing together 15 participants with seven underway fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) systems, one discrete fCO2system, and two underway pH systems, as well as systems for discrete measurement of total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon. Here, we compare surface seawater fCO2measured synchronously by all participating instruments. A common infrastructure (seawater and calibration gas supply), different quality checks (performance of calibration procedures for CO2, temperature measurements) and a common procedure for calculation of final fCO2were provided to reduce the largest possible amount of controllable sources of error. The results show that under such conditions underway measurements of the fCO2in surface seawater and overlying air can be made to a high degree of agreement (±1 μatm) with a variety of possible equilibrator and system designs. Also, discrete fCO2measurements can be made in good agreement (±3 μatm) with underway fCO2data sets. However, even well-designed systems, which are operated without any obvious sign of malfunction, can show significant differences of the order of 10 μatm. Based on our results, no “best choice” for the type of the equilibrator nor specifics on its dimensions and flow rates of seawater and air can be made in regard to the achievable accuracy of the fCO2system. Measurements of equilibrator temperature do not seem to be made with the required accuracy resulting in significant errors in fCO2results. Calculation of fCO2from high-quality total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) and total alkalinity (AT) measurements does not yield results comparable in accuracy and precision to fCO2measurements.